Essay on Jane Austens Characters, Elinor and Marianne

Jane Austens Characters, Elinor and Marianne Having a strong heart like Elinor and a latent sense similar to Marianne, Jane Austen displayed her characteristics through her characters. Elinor and Marianne were two main characters that Jane Austen used to display her true character. Elinor is very devoted to her family and tries to do everything she can to support them. Every now and then, when the family is in need of advice, they would all look to Elinor. Marianne was the younger daughter in the family of three sisters and she is always caught up in romantic poetry. At one time in the novel,†¦show more content†¦She stimulates us to supply what is not there.† (Woolf 19) After Willouby’s sudden break up with Marianne, many deep vivid emotions are shown to the reader. Austen lived in a society where women mostly worked on farms. Agriculture was the largest employment for women. (Weldon 36) While other women were out working on the fields, Austen would be at home diligently thinking about more ideas for her novels. Later as the years passed, Jane Austen became an author for writing novels. From then on, her occupation was to be a magnificent writer. She wrote many books that dealt with her very own lifestyles and emotions. It was not until her death when she began to notice her success in writing novels. One important thing that she could put before her writing was her family. Austen, the seventh of eight children and was ardent towards her family. Her family needed all the help they could receive because her father had passed away. In the beginning of the novel Sense and Sensibility, Mr. Dashwood died and had no choice but to give his will to his first son and nothing to the rest of the family. Although Jane Austen was not married,Show MoreRelatedJane Austens Sense and Sensibility: Comparing the Characters of Elinor and Marianne1535 Words   |  6 PagesElinor vs. Marianne Compare-contrast essay Jane Austens 1811 novel Sense and Sensibility puts across an account involving two English sisters who come across a series of hardships in their endeavor to find their personal identities in a relatively hostile environment. Elinor and Marianne Dashwood are forced to leave their home, the estate at Norland Park, consequent to their fathers death. The two experience economic problems and come to see the world with different eyes as they move in aRead MoreJane Austen s Novel And True Classic Sense And Sensibility1427 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many authors whose works are considered to be classics; perhaps the most influential is Jane Austen. Jane Austen wrote six novels, that in today’s world, we call classics. Her first novel and true classic Sense and Sensibility, was published in 1811 at a time when the world was just starting to write full length novels. Though Jane Austen only lived to be forty-one, she contributed much too modern literature; such as being one of the first major authors to make use of the three volume novelRead MoreSense and Sensibility by Jane Austen1151 Words   |  5 Pages11). This quote in Jane Austen’s novel Sense and Sensibility highlights the main conflict in the novel. Also, it describes how Elinor Dashwood, the main character of the novel feels about love. In this novel social class is important because most of the characters belong to upper-class families. Since there are conflicts with love and social class is of importance in the novel, two of the many themes from Sense and Sensibility include love and wealth. The conflicts the characters have with love areRead More Judgments of Conduct in Sense and Sensibility Essay1000 Words   |  4 Pagessurrounding countryside, the story relates how Elinor, the eldest of Mrs. Dashwoods daughters, and Marianne, the second eldest, share in the agony of tragic love. In the opening of the book, Mrs. Dashwood and her three daughters are forced to move to a new and smaller abode, as her husbands death left her fairly unwealthy. During their transition, the Dashwoods stayed with her step-son and his wife, Mr. and Mrs. John Dashwood. It is there where Elinor, practical and conventional, met and fellRead MoreEssay on An Introduction to Sense and Sensibility1320 Words   |  6 PagesJane Austen’s novel Sense and Sensibility follows the lives of two sisters, Elinor and Marianne Dashwood, as they face the perils of finding love. In the novel, Elinor seems to be the embodiment of sense with her rationality and thoughtfulness, while her sister, Marianne, seems to symbolize sensibility. Marianne is incredibly emotional and wildly romantic. Although the novel seems to closely attach the sisters to these personifications, it is shown at the beginning of the novel that Elinor and MarianneRead MoreSense And Sensibility By Jane Austen1123 Words   |  5 PagesSense and Sensibility was written by Jane Austen in 1811, the novel describes the life of three young sisters after the death of their father. The sisters; Elinor, Margaret, and Marianne Dashwood each are forced to leave their homes with their mother, Mrs. Dashwood, when their father passes and their home is inherited by Mr. Dashwood’s son, from his first marriage, John Dashwood. The young women and their mother vacate the home filled with the atrocious presence of Mr. Dashwood’s first wife, FannyRead MoreSense And Sensibility : Jane Austen1354 Words   |  6 PagesSense and Sensibility displays Jane Austen’s careful use of dialogue in maintaining the story; Austen creates scenes that combine moments of important dialogue with forward-moving observations of character, assisting character development and plot without holding up the timeline of the story. With this meticulous combination of dialogue and insight, Austen opens a window into the complex relationships between Willoughby, Marianne, and Colonel Brandon, focusing on two particular moments of discussionRead More Structure and Characterization in Sense and Sensibility Essay3986 Words   |  16 Pagesthe early nineteenth century when Jane Austen published her novels. Fiction was presumed to be immoral and even dangerous since it over-excited the imagination (Halperin 5). Many religious denominations instituted anti- fiction campaigns to protect young people from the corrupting influence of the novels. It was not until the middle of the nineteenth century that this attitude regarding fiction began to change. Due to this bias as well as the anonymity that Jane Austen sought by not putting herRead More Aspects of Romanticism Essay1407 Words   |  6 PagesNature, imagery, and the freedom of thought and expression are key elements of Romanticism as characterized in Jane Austen’s Sense and Sensibility, William Wordsworth â€Å"We are Seven,† and Percy Shelley’s â€Å"Mutability.† These literary works of Jane Austen, Percy Shelley, and William Wordsworth focus on emphasizing their feelings and emotions by using their imagination and their love of nature as key tools for helping readers to comprehend their personal experiences. Each of their works reflects situationsRead MoreSocial Confinement in Austen’s Sense and Sensibility1059 Words   |  4 PagesWhen Charlotte Bronte said of Jane Austen’s novels ‘I should hardly like to live with their ladies and gentlemen, in their elegant but confined houses’ she was referring to the physical confinement of an interior versus an exterior setting. This confinement of the setting mirrors the social confinement of a woman versus a man in the societal structure at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century. While Austen studies the societal position of women in most of her novels, her early work

The Numerous Changes to America from Reconstruction to the...

America following Reconstruction was completely different from America during FDRs New Deal. In 1876, the government was based on the ideas of Laissez-faire which meant that government stayed out of the citizens lives. Society in 1876 was dominated by white men who ran the country while there were no rights for women, blacks, and immigrants. In 1876, Americans lived on farms in rural America. By the 1930s, America was a welfare state with government just starting to control different aspects such as economy and corporations. In the 1930s women, blacks, and immigrants all had the right to vote, and the majority of Americans were living in cities. Blacks had the right to vote; however, they were usually disenfranchised by whites.†¦show more content†¦The Populist Party was started by a massive grassroots movement that wanted political reform. The supporters of the Populist Party were usually laborers who were sick of the government supporting big businesses. Because of this support, there were many violent strikes, such as Pullman, Homestead, and Haymarket, where strikers were killed, and the government did nothing. Eventually, the Populist Party combined with the Democratic Party because the Populist Party was limited because of its regional location. During the Gilded Age, America opened its doors to many immigrants. They flocked from Europe, Mexico, Asia, China, and Japan. Just like blacks, they were discriminated against by the Americans already here because the immigrants and blacks were willing to work in factories for hardly any money. Because of this, most women in the lower class and children worked in the factories to help to support the family. The immigrants and blacks usually lived in small crowded apartments in the cities because they could not afford to live far away from their job. Each immigrant group tried to recreate their neighborhood from their old country in America which caused the cities to become segregated ghettos with ethnic backgrounds. Poor farmers were also apart of the lower class because they were dependent to one crop, and there was only one harvest per year. WithShow MoreRelatedThe End Of The 20th Century1544 Words   |  7 Pages20th century has changed drastically when you asses America on an economic, social, and political level. The changes between the end of the 19th century and the end of the 20th century are the cause in the way America has been shaped and how American’s think. In fact, industrialization and urbanization, equal rights for all citizens, and two world wars played a major role in the shape of America to our understanding. Although, there are numerous events that have shaped the country since the end ofRead MoreFranklin Delano s New Deal Radical1405 Words   |  6 PagesWas Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s New Deal Radical? The end of the first world war brought about a recession and then nearly a decade of prosperity in the United States. However, on October 29th, 1929, during Herbert Hoover’s presidency, the stock market crashed due to a multitude of problems within the country. At this point, thousands of people that had prospered before the crash, were homeless, jobless, and in a state of penury. In the 1932 election, Franklin Delano Roosevelt ran against the formerRead MoreWorld War I, The Great Depression And Its Aftermath1004 Words   |  5 PagesWhen considering time between 1865 and 1945, United States history evolved and differed from period to period. It began with times of slavery and reconstruction, and proceeded with transformation in the Gilded Age. This then led to the Progressive Era, World War I, the Great Depression and its aftermath, as well as World War II. As one can see, history seems to fluctuate from times of peace and order to times of chaos and turmoil. 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Unfortunately, these changes have often been sporadic and unpredictable for its government and citizens. Japan is the third largest oil importer and the second largest coal importing country today. Overall, Japan is the fifth largest consumer of global energy, yet imports almost all of its crude oil. Even more so, with a country that doubles its energy consumption every five years, its government isRead MoreThe Status of Blacks in the Unites States Essay1484 Words   |  6 PagesThe Status of Blacks in the Unites States â€Å"For much of black America life seems suspended. In the bleakness of filth and of the inner cities our people go through motions of living. On the street corners jobless men still wait, among the garbage and rats children still play. There are some features to the scene City blocks are ravaged by the riot, the bums and blocked buildings, the empty lots still stand like silent witnesses to their futile anger†(Lusane C ,1994, p.135). Historically AfricanRead MoreThe Great Depression : Severe Economic Crisis1724 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Depression was a severe economic crisis that began after the stock market crash in 1929. Afterwards, laws were put into place to prevent the depression from happening again. The Great Depression had a major impact on the economy and the people who experienced the event. The people began to buy products only when the money was available, and became conservatives for the remainder of their lives. The United States was pushed into having a better economic system because of the Great Depression

Minor Sex Law for Textbook on Criminal Law -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMinor Sex Law for Textbook on Criminal Law. Answer: Introduction In this paper, there is a discussion regarding a case, where a person Joshua robbinson commited a criminal offense of sex with minor. In this case everyone wants to penalise him but this case is related to the consensual sex. Issues related to the sex with minor has also been discussed in the assignment. The improvement requires, in this case, is also discussed. Some scheme which has been provided to the academic students is also there in this study. Issues and the arguments against this study are also here in the paper. The scheme of DAS , issues related to DAS, improve,ments and arugements are there in the study. Issues surrounding cases on sex with the minor According to Gan boey keow (2017), in this paper, there is a discussion regarding a criminal offense case Sex with Minor. In this case Joshua Robinson who was an American mix material arts instructor. Robinson had sex with the two underage girls without the protection and and then showed that video to a 6-year girl. Robinson have his possession over 321 pornographic videos of children.robinson was no opportunistic offendor, he prowled the videos internet for videos. The offender has pleded his guilty. The government wants to impel higher penalties on the offender because others offendors seem far harsher in comparison to the Robinson. In this case, the sex was, consensual sex, so some people have second thought regarding this in the favour of offender. According to Calivin yang (2017), this will come under the Criminal law Act. Sex with a minor is a majorly committed crime under the law, but there are no certain amendments for the consensual sex. These different situations will creat e the different issues in different cases. These issues include social, educational, legal, etc. Sex with a minor is not legal, sex and the law both deals with the human sexual activities. According to Chapman-Schmidt (2015), pursuant to Act 376 in Singapore, sexual dispersion with the minor (up to 16 years) even it is consensual( the consent of the minor). Both the genders are covered under this provision, this includes sexual penetration, vaginal, anal or oral sex. .Commercial sex with minors under 18 is also a punishable offense pursuant to section 376B of the penal code. Under the section 376C, if the resident of Singapore committed these kinds of acts even outside the Singapore, they will be liable. Social sites have given minors a platform to explore with ease, but along with the access to porn sites have become worrying trends making minors vulnerable and inclined towards consensual underage physical intimacy. According to Bromberg et. al. (2014), as looking up to the issue there is a consent from both the parties, but considering the age of girls, didnt even get up to age of maturity, so their consent is no valid reason for denying the genuine petition against the verdict, although law works on the prevailing facts and the authenticity of the crime, here in the other party is not a major, didnt matured enough to understand the severity of actions they are taking and how it will affect them in the very future. According to Gary Chan Kok Yew and Lee Pey Woan (2016), talking about the law, there is a clear sought of the thoughts that if the action taken by the mutual consent of the parties, so as taking it as one legal part and that is obvious to the intensity of the crime, then, but if the parties after the action protest themselves by saying that it's been a part of coercion then there are some laws which work in the sphere of protecting the accused if he is not at most guilty. With regards to the common protest I dont know she is 16 or lesser, section 377D of the penal code clearly states that: If the offender is above the age of 21, he cannot claim that they mistakenly believed the minor was not underage as defenses. If the offender is under the age of 21, he may claim that he mistakenly believed that the minor was not underage as a defense, but only if the minor was the opposite sex, and if the offender has not previously committed any similar sexual offense before. Coming up with the changes required in the law, the severity of decisions is that much required so that it will bring a full stop over this major issue prevailing not only in a single country but across the globe facing the same issue. The occurring of these issues exploiting the ageneration and the global habitat. According to Allen (2013), amendments or the changes in the law are required to handle out the situation, these are: Quicker remedial actions Identified laws Restrictions and charges over the use of adult sites Bailment of verdict made difficultly Consent of the minor should not be taken as a consideration. Abandonment of minor hangouts, such as intake of alcohol. Serious charges and penalties against the culprit (Allen, 2013). References Allen, M. (2013).Textbook on criminal law. Oxford University Press. Bromberg, D. S., O'Donohue, W. T. (Eds.). (2014).Toolkit for working with juvenile sex offenders. Academic Press. Calvin yang. (2017). Parliament: DSA scheme for pupils to enter secondary 1 directly tobe expanded. Chapman-Schmidt, b. (2015). Sex in the Shadow of the Law: Regulating Sex Work and Human Trafficking in Singapore.Asian Journal of Comparative Law,10(1), 1-21. Gan boey keow (2017). Why child The strait times online forum. Gary Chan Kok Yew and Lee Pey Woan (2016). The Law of Torts in Singapore. Academy publishing. DAS scheme According to S. Chandra Mohan (2017), when Direct School Admission was first introduced, it gets criticised for giving academically bright pupil an early entry whereas the main agenda of this scheme was to recognize achievements of a pupil that are beyond academic performance. But for now, the Direct School Admission scheme is about to expand that will allow a student to take admission in secondary on the basis academic as well as of non- academic talents that may not be demonstrated in the Primary School Leaving Examinations (PSLE). This scheme eliminates the need of sitting in other academic ability test but not to be taken for granted one should be committed enough to make another achievement as the profession. According to Chesney et.al. (2013), allowing both academic as well as a non-academic sound pupil for this scheme will decrease the ratio for non- academic to enter into secondary due to an availability of other academic test. An academically bright student can also enter using Primary School Leaving Examinations but a non-academic student will be required to enter schools with suitable programs to enhance their strength, talent, and inclinations. According to Tan (2017), Issues could be emerged at educational level due to this scheme creating differences in the selection process. Students working hard on academics might be interested in turning their other hobby into their profession but due to the scores, they will get to make their academic as one of the professions which might not content them. The forceful quest for the worldwide city vision has changed not just the physical look of the city state, yet additionally its business condition and creation structure. According to Sandr a Davie (2015), together with these progressions, the piece of the work constraint has likewise been altogether adjusted both as far as the neighborhood outside blend and the blend between specialises in "old" Furthermore, "new" enterprises. While the open-entryway work arrangement got an expansive number of exceedingly gifted, high wage remote laborers, it has likewise prompted a gigantic convergence of low-talented, low-wage outside laborers. Though the previous could possibly grow the economy's scope of ranges of abilities and raise its profitability level, the last could significantly balance such constructive outcomes. To be sure, with the prepared accessibility of low-wage remote specialists, firms in Singapore won't discover numerous motivating forces to update their advances and generation structures or to put resources into preparing or overhauling the abilities of their laborers. According to Greenberg (2012), when it was announced that secondary school will not entertain the pupil under the score of 6 and same will be there for college eight schools were merged into four due to the drop in strength. To cope up with this issue Direct School Admission Scheme was launched providing the right path for students under the cut off to continue their education and making their interest to be turned into a profession. From educational purpose, it is mandatory to provide such special schemes to the non-academic students so that they can also ensure to build up their career with the talent they have. According to Tchividjian (2014), upholding the current Direct School Admission Scheme gives equivalent chance to a pupil to enter into secondary using their grades as well as other strengths that are beyond the academic basis. Continuing the existing scheme terms and conditions might create harmony eliminating the need to be biased for non- academic students. Accoding to S. Chandra Mohan (2017), creating differences and reservation in the education system might create repercussions among the students that will not be productive. However maintaining a slight ratio just to be enough for the non-academic students will not be offensive but solely making the scheme for them and turning academic students down might not result in favorable conditions. According to Jonathan (2017), Direct School Admission Scheme was specially formulated to recognize students that are beyond academic grounds and giving permission to both the category to apply; non- academic students will not get the exact chance they are expecting as this is the chance to groom their interest and talent turning into a profession. Letting academic students apply for this scheme is drifting apart from its primary purpose to provide the platform for the student with strength and talent. According to Yeo ( 2012), revising the existing scheme and turning it for specifically non-academic students will secure the chance for them to get into a better school with the motive to be a professional in the stream they are good at. William Tan Wheem kiem (2016), the DSA-Sec enables understudies to look for admission to an optional school on the premise of abilities and accomplishments that may not be shown at the Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE). The DSA-Sec empowers understudies to enter reasonable scholastic and non-scholarly projects in Secondary Schools that can build up the understudies in these ranges. For data on changes to the DSA reported in March 2017. Conclusion From this paper, it has been concluded that the law with minors should be penalized under the penal code 376 a. Consent of the minor should also be considered as the criminal offense, but some amendments should be there. DSA schemes are also discussed in this study; the impacts of the study are also there in the assignment. References Chesney-Lind, M., Pasko, L. (2013).The female offender: Girls, women, and crime. Sage. Chi Meng Chu1, 2 and Stuart D. M. Thomas1, 3(2010). Adolescent Sexual Offenders: The Relationship between Typology and Recidivism. E: A Journal of Research and Treatment 22(2) 218233 Greenberg, J. A. (2012).Intersexuality and the Law: Why sex matters. NYU Press. Jonathan s. (2017). How will Direct School Admission changes affect pupils? The straits times: Chandra Mohan (2007), Under Age Commercial Sex and Criminal Prosecutions in Singapore: Who are the real Victims? Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University. Sandra Davie. (2016). Senior education correspondant. Schools, stop the Kiasu practice of using DSA to chope bright kids. Tan, C. (2017). Private Supplementary Tutoring and Parentocracy in Singapore.Interchange, 1-15. Tchividjian, B. J. (2014). Catching American Sex Offenders Overseas: A Proposal for a Federal International Mandated Reporting Law.UMKC L. Rev.,83, 687. William Tan Wheem kiem (2016). The Straight Times Online Forum. Dont shut bright kids out of DSA. Yeo, S. M. H., Morgan, N. A., Chan, W. C. (2012).Criminal law in Malaysia and Singapore. LexisNexis.

The Payout Policy Essay Sample free essay sample

1. Describe how dividends are paid out and how corporations make up ones mind how much to pay. 2. Explain how stock redemptions are used to administer hard currency to investors. 3. Explain why dividend additions and redemptions are good intelligence for investors and why dividend cuts are bad intelligence. 4. Explain why payout policy would non impact stockholder value in perfect and efficient fiscal markets. 5. Show how market imperfectnesss. particularly the different revenue enhancement intervention of dividends and capital additions. can impact payout policy. Payout PolicyFirms can pay hard currency to stockholders in two major ways ; hard currency dividends and portion redemptions. This chapter analyzes both options and provides the pupil with penetration into a firm’s payout policy determinations. How Corporations Pay Cash to StockholdersCorporations can pay stockholders by paying a dividend or by buy backing portions. Cash Dividend – Payment of hard currency by the house to its stockholders. Stock repurchase – Firm buys back stock from its stockholders. Paying DividendsCash Dividend – Payment of hard currency by the house to its stockholders. †¢Regular Dividend – A dividend that is expected to be paid systematically into the hereafter. †¢Special Dividend – A dividend that is non likely to be repeated. Stock Dividend/Split – Distributions of extra portions to a firm’s shareholders. Stock Dividends: ExampleImagine a corporation presently has 10 million portions outstanding merchandising at $ 60 per portion and declares a three-for-two stock split. After the split. how many portions will be outstanding? After the split. what will be the new portion monetary value? Dividend Policy: Key DatesUnion Pacific Quarterly Dividend Key Dates What would you anticipate to go on to the monetary value of a portion of stock on the twenty-four hours it goes ex-dividend? †¢Shares of big houses trade invariably. so corporations must stipulate a peculiar day’s roll of stockholders who qualify to have any proclaimed dividend. †¢Key Dates:†¢Declaration Date – The day of the month on which the corporation announces a dividend payment. †¢Ex-dividend Date – Without dividend. Buyer of a stock after the ex-dividend day of the month does non have the most late declared dividend. †¢Record Date – Shareholders registered on this day of the month will be the 1s to have the most late declared dividend. †¢Payment Date – The day of the month the dividend payment is really sent to stockholders. Dividends: ExampleImagine a house has 100. 000 portions outstanding. deserving $ 1 million in entire. If the house issues a $ 1-per-share hard currency dividend. how is stockholder wealth affected? Before Dividend: After Dividend: After the hard currency dividend. the market value of the house falls to $ 900. 000 and stockholders gain $ 100. 000 in hard currency. Stock RepurchasesFour ways to implement:1. Open-market redemption2. Tender offer3. Auction4. Direct dialogue Stock Repurchase – Firm buys back stock from its stockholders. †¢Open market redemption: Occurs when the house purchases stock in the secondary market. merely like any other investor. †¢Tender offer: Firm offers to purchase back a declared figure of portions at a fixed monetary value. †¢Auction: Firm states a scope of monetary values at which it is prepared to buy back. †¢Direct dialogue: Firm may negociate redemption of a block of portions from a major stockholder. Stock Repurchase: ExampleImagine a house has 100. 000 portions outstanding. deserving $ 1 million in entire. If the house buys back 10. 000 portions at $ 10 each. how is stockholder wealth affected? Before Dividend: After Repurchase: After the hard currency dividend. the market value of the house falls to $ 900. 000 yet stockholders retain equal ownership in the house. Stock Repurchase: ExampleAfter the redemption. stockholders can sell 10 % of their portions and gain $ 100. 000 in hard currency. yet still retain ownership equal to that which they had before. The shareholders’ place is precisely the same with the portion redemption as with the hard currency dividend: †¢Total portions deserving $ 900. 000 †¢Cash deserving $ 100. 000 Share EvaluationIn chapter 7. the dividend price reduction theoretical account taught us that the monetary value of a portion is the PV of future hard currency flows per portion. What if the dividend is a redemption. non a hard currency payment?See the following two illustrations. Share Evaluation: Example 1Case 1: A house promises to pay dividends of $ 100. 000 in sempiternity with 100. 000 portions outstanding. Assume a price reduction rate of 11. 1 % . What is the present value of one of the firm’s portions? Share Evaluation: Example 2Case 2: This same house decides alternatively to utilize the first year’s proposed dividends of $ 100. 000 to buy back 10. 000 portions of stock. From twelvemonth 2 onward it will restart one-year dividends of $ 100. 000. What consequence does this hold on the value of the portions? Note: Notice how the present value of the security is unchanged whether the house chooses to publish a hard currency dividend or buy back its portions. Dividend PolicySurvey of Financial Executives: Positions on Dividend Policy Dividends are surprisingly â€Å"smooth† yearly. and directors are frequently loath to change them. †¢A firm’s mark dividend payment is frequently calculated as a per centum of expected net incomes. non a individual year’s existent net incomes. †¢When current dividends are less than the mark. the dividend is increased bit by bit toward the mark. †¢When current dividends are greater than the mark. the dividend normally is non cut instantly ; it is frequently left entirely. Information SigningDividends and redemptions provide hints about a company’s true fiscal chances. Informational facet of dividends†¢Dividend additions send good intelligence about future hard currency flow and net incomes. Dividend cuts send bad intelligence. If direction announces an unexpected cut in dividend payments. what do you foretell will go on to portion monetary value for the house? Note: Announcements of portion redemptions are besides good intelligence for investors. but these proclamations normally convey less information than hard currency dividends do. The Payout ControversyWhat is the consequence of a alteration in dividend payout policy. given a firm’s current capital budgeting and adoption determinations? †¢Payout determinations are frequently intertwined with other funding or investing determinations. †¢Firms may pay low dividends due to optimistic hereafter growing chances. This payout determination is a byproduct of the capital budgeting determination. †¢Firms may finance outgos by borrowing. therefore liberating up more capital to be paid out to stockholders. This payout determination is a byproduct of the adoption determination. †¢Dividend policy ever involves a tradeoff between higher or lower hard currency dividends and the issue or redemption of stock. Are Dividends Irrelevant?Franco Modigliani and Merton Miller ( MM ) showed that dividend policy does non change steadfast value under the premise of perfect fiscal markets. MM’s Dividend-Irrelevance Proposition – Under ideal conditions. the value of the house is unaffected by dividend policy. Dividend Policy Irrelevance: ExampleCase 1: A house plans to pay one-year dividends of $ 5 per portion in sempiternity. and stockholders expect an 8 % rate of return. Assume 1. 000. 000 portions outstanding. What are the entire dividends paid each period. and what is the present value of each portion? Dividend Policy Irrelevance: Example 2Case 2: In an effort to increase portion value. this same house programs to alternatively pay one-year dividends of $ 10 per portion in sempiternity. and still stockholders expect an 8 % rate of return. Assume 1. 000. 000 portions outstanding. What is the present value of each portion? *Note: In order to pay the extra $ 5. 000. 000 in dividends and earn the same net incomes in the hereafter. the house must replace the lost hard currency with a new issue of portions. *Note: The house must now pay an extra $ 400. 000 per twelvemonth in dividends to the new stockholders: Equally long as the company replaces the excess hard currency it’s paying out. it will gain the same net incomes and pay our $ 5. 000. 000 of dividends each twelvemonth from twelvemonth 2. $ 400. 000 of this will be used to fulfill new stockholders. Divided-Irrelevance PremisesIn order for MM’s Dividend-Irrelevance Proposition to keep. we must presume an efficient capital market. †¢Market efficiency implies that transportations of ownership created by displacements in dividend policy are reasonably achieved. †¢Since the overall value of ( old and new ) stockholders’ equity is unaffected. cipher additions or loses. Why Dividends May Increase ValueOnce we relax the premises of perfect and efficient capital markets. many investors claim dividends may really increase value. †¢Attracts natural patronages†¢Leverages behavioural psychological science†¢Prevents directors from blowing financessAlways remember this:†¢Although there are natural patronages for high-payout stocks. it does non follow that any peculiar house can profit by increasing its dividends. †¢The high-dividend patronages already have plentifulness of high-dividend stocks to take from. Why Dividends May Reduce ValueIf dividends are taxed more to a great extent than capital additions. a company that can change over dividends into capital additions should pull more investors. All other things being equal. investors are willing to pay more for a stock whose returns come in the signifier of low-taxed capital additions. TaxIn recent old ages. the instance for low dividends has been weakened. †¢Top revenue enhancement rates on dividends: 15 %†¢Top revenue enhancement rates on capital additions: 15 % One advantage to investors: Capital additions revenue enhancements are deferrable One advantage to corporations: Corporations pay corporate income revenue enhancement on merely 30 % of any dividends received from investings in other corporations.

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Analysis Essay Example For Students

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Analysis Essay E.M. Forster makes a bold statement when he declares that he would rather betray his country than betray his friend. Forster takes a very moral stand on the issue and states that a friendship is often more important than a governments actions or societys beliefs. His opinion regarding the value of friendship is a common theme shared by many authors throughout history, including Mark Twain, and Alexandre Dumas. Mark Twains classic novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, describes a young boy torn between what he feels his country and society expect of him and what his heart tells him is right. Society believes that slaves should be treated as property; Huck, who had befriended a runaway slave, sees Jim as a person, not property. In the end, Huck Finn decides that he would rather disobey societys teachings about slavery, than betray his friend by returning him to his previous condition of servitude. We will write a custom essay on The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Further reiterating Forsters conception of the proper order of ones loyalty is a product of English folklore, Robin Hood. According to legend, Robin Hood robbed from the rich and gave to the poor in an effort to bring happiness to the peasants of Nottingham in an otherwise dreary time under the tyrannical rule of Prince John. A childhood friend of Robin, Maid Marion places her friendship with Robin Hood above loyalty to the crown. She has numerous opportunities to betray Robin Hood, but she does not. She sees the good he is doing for the land and the lone resistance he and his band of Merry Men provide against the evil Sheriff. Had she been loyal to her country, Robin Hood would have never been successful against the Sheriff of Nottingham and the citizens of her kingdom would have had to endure even greater injustices. Sharing many of the same principles Robin Hood embodies is Alexandre Dumass The Three Musketeers. The famous trio of noblemen battle against the villainy of the Court of King Louis XIII. DArtagnan, Athos, Porthos and Aramis fight to preserve the honor of their Queen, Anne of Austria, against the Cardinal Richelieu. Their famous motto All for one and one for all! illustrates the value they place on their friendship. Efforts to maintain their close ties of friendship help them in resisting an immoral government. Had they chosen to remain in adherence to the Cardinals oppressive rule, they would have been unsuccessful in effecting change. The value of friendship has been a prevalent theme throughout both literature and history. Authors representing several eras have addressed the moral dilemma of friendship versus loyalty to ones country. Governmental leaders and their policies are transient; friendships last a lifetime.

Weimar Republic Essays - Politics Of Germany, Germany, Free Essays

Weimar Republic Essays - Politics Of Germany, Germany, Free Essays Weimar Republic A path to a dead end: the Weimar Republics inevitable failure and the rise of Hitler to power. There were various factors that contributed to the failure of the Weimar Republic of Germany and the ascent of Hitlers National Socialist German Workers Party into power on January 30, 1933. Various conflicting problems were concurrent with the eventuation of the Republic that, from the outset, its first governing body the socialist party (SPD) was forced to contend with. These included the aspect of German imperialism, the unresolved defeat of 1918, financial collapse and the forced struggle against the activities of the National party as well as inflation. Other factors which influenced the failure of Weimar were the structural weaknesses induced by the constitution and the basic lack of support for the Republic among the German people particularly amongst the elite. All in all, these aspects were the major causes which doomed the Weimar republic to ultimate failure and the eventual ascent of Hillers nationalist party to power. The new socialist government of Weimar (SPD), whose constitution was adopted on July 30, 1919, entered a situation they by no means created. The period during which they were appointed to rule was associated with defeat and misery, and when disorder was nationwide. The situation then, was that of revolution. However, rather than to make a socialist revolution they co-operated with the liberals and with the catholic centre party to lead Germany in a reformed version of her old self. In June 1919, they voted to comply with the treaty of Versailles (the vindictive settlement imposed by the Paris peace conference). However, the signing of the Treaty served to promote protest and unrest amongst the soldiers, sailors and the German people generally, and democracy thus resulted in becoming an alien device. The imperial army, for instance, never got over the humiliation of surrender which they felt was a stab in the back by their own countrymen. The sailors at Kiel mutinied in a last despera te effort on October 28 and On November 9, 1919, the streets were filled with crowds marching to demonstrate at the centre of Berlin. Similarly, even before the contingency of these incidents, the centre party, a liberal group who were the coalition government of the acting SPD formed by Phillip Scheidemann, resigned rather than sign the Treaty of Versailles. Besides, German patriotism was strong, in particular because the German people believed they had fought a defensive war and were told their soldiers were unconquered in the field. Therefore, the humiliating Treaty came as a rude shock to the German people who, correspondingly, blamed the politicians for betraying the soldiers in signing the armistice and saw them as compounding their treason by accepting the peace settlement. They spoke of the November criminals and protested A nation of seventy million suffers, but does not die. These factors propagated in the promotion of anti republican feeling, the conclusions of which were clearly reflected in the results of the election of June 1920. To illustrate, the SPD lost nearly half its seats (many to the USDP) and the right wing parties (DVP and DNVP) increased their share at the expense of the democrats. Defeated on the battlefield, defeated at the conference table, defeated at the polls, the republic embarked on its uncertain career. Furthermore, compliance with the Treaty of Versailles meant that Germany would have to make reparation payments it could scarcely afford. This fact placed a heavy strain on the already suffering economy of Germany which was bankrupted by four years of war thus ensuing in the ascend of inflation and the occasioning of the respite of payments by Germany in 1922. In January the already traumatic climate in Germany was exacerbated by its evasiveness and reluctance to pay overdue reparations. The French reacted by occupying the Ruhr, a major industrial area of Germany, in January 1923. This was felt a grave humiliation by the German people and eventuated in widespread discontent. The economic distress caused by the French occupation of the Ruhr and the German passive resistance was enormous. Consequently, workers in the Ruhr mines and factories resisted by striking. However, Germanys currency was already fragile, and in face of the occurring circumstances

All together Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

All together - Essay Example A common definition of desire is simply an individual wish. In this world, everybody has a wish but one common desire for everybody is success. A part from success I would also wish to have more money so that I can meet all of my expenses. In addition, I also desire to have peace of mind, essence of well-being, love, fun, fulfillments, and love. The desire is my driving force, that is to say, it is my motivation, and therefore, it keeps my dreams a live as I strive to realize my goals and aspirations. Up to this point, the desire is like my touchstone that provides the extra energy needed to realize my potential. I believe that if I write down and spell aloud what I want to achieve then I will be able to realize it. By doing this, I tend to have a conviction that I am precisely sending my intentions to the universe. It is widely believed that by being precise and clear in your intention, the universe is most likely to reward you with high power that is helpful in fulfilling your dreams. In my case, I have a diary where I do write down my intentions and achievements on daily basis as a way of success monitoring. As one of my success factor skills, I do pledge that I will always do everything possible within my capabilities to realize my personal objectives so that I can have a smooth and a fulfilling life. To me, this is what commitment is all about. In most cases, I do not let my ego come between I and my ambitions, I do not find it very difficult to swallow my pride and apologize to those I have wronged. As I succeed, I do not want to accumulate enemies but friends with mutual respect. Furthermore, this success factor skill is vital as it assist in easing an individual mind from the personal life burden (Gray, 1999). There is no one in the world that is fully independent, which is evident from the common saying ‘no one

Organizational Culture Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Organizational Culture - Term Paper Example The top directors have been replaced while the managers and the employees continue to work. Hence there is no coordination between the employers and the employees. Both groups have no familiarity and no understanding; both are not willing to help the other group adjust to the new demands and situation. There are no shared values or missions; no shared goals to pursue. Orders have been steadily declining and performance is affected. The client complaints have increased and the compliant resolution period has become indefinite. Power culture resides in the company which is evident in reserving the car parking space for the new bosses. Such restrictions have been communicated through memos circulated among the employees. There is practically no co-ordination or trust between the two groups at this organization. This is because there is no continuity of the top management and since there is no established culture employees are generally unhappy and not motivated to give their best. There is weak focus on both performance and culture. Individual employees are concerned with their own career goals and organizational commitment is affected. Clearly the organization is in the first quadrant – going out of business. Reform measures to achieve excellence Each organization is unique and so are their problems. Thus, they need to follow their own unique path to shape and sustain high-performance culture. Rosenthal and Masarech (2003) describes five stages that can help an organization achieve the high-performance culture but these steps need not be followed in the exact sequence as suggested as each organization is unique. Since this construction company has no espoused or... This essay stresses that the managers and the top management have to transmit the core values through living them, by leading them. This is the hallmark of a transformational leader and this requires maintaining discipline. Their behaviour must be linked to the values and this should be visible to all. At this company there are very few senior leaders or managers and hence it is up to them if they would like to be the role models or train a few senior managers to help them carry out the responsibility. The first step would be to lift the restrictions on car parking which separates the top management from the rest of the workers. This would encourage the employees to listen to the management. Aligning the day-to-day operations with espoused values is a major block to achieving the desired performance culture. This report makes a conclusion that through this strategy of keeping the employees’ interests at heart, the construction company would be able to engage the employees. The right leadership would be able to inspire every employee to own the culture, to live the culture and to sustain the culture. If the leaders are able to personally connect with the organization’s values, they would be able to engage the employees and evoke similar response from them. It would be able to engage the employees in a way that become passionate about the organization and passionate to achieve the organizational goals. This is the true test of a performance culture.

Geography And The Study Of The Environment But Mainly The Scientific Essay - 1

Geography And The Study Of The Environment But Mainly The Scientific Revolution - Essay Example Geography And The Study Of The Environment But Mainly The Scientific Revolution Geography is the branch of science that uses the same elements as the other sciences but in a different way. It uses data by elaborating maps as its tool.. The methodical approach organizes geographical knowledge into different divisions. Study of Geography is as old as human history. It was systematically studied by the ancient Greeks, who also developed a philosophy of geography. Many Greek philosopher made great contribution to the foundation of Geography. The most prominent of them were Thales, Eratosthenes, Aristotle, Strabo, and Ptolemy. The Romans also made contributions to geography by mapping of previously unknown lands. The Arabs also bequeathed in the progress of Geography during the Middle Ages. As stated in beginning intellectual curiosity is the essence of human nature that led to all the achievements mankind. Human beings were involved in pondering over nature since prehistoric period. The real initial recorded achievements were of Greeks. Thales was the first recorded Greek philosopher. He was first person whose mythology was used to explain the nature of the physical world. He introduced geometry and was a prominent astronomer of those days. He was the first man who started the real process of pondering and predicting. Although chronologically mentioning Raphael Sanzio is not correct but it will give us a continuation. Raphael Sanzio, was the great painter and philosopher with whose name Raphaels ‘s School of Athens is famous.

Conflict Resolution Project | Case Study

Conflict Resolution Project | Case Study Lynette Renberg Conflict is a part of all our relationships and friendship we endure. It is important to understand the context and nature of conflict in order to preserve our relationships. The situation is Pat and Chris have been saving for their annual trip. For this vacation, Pat wants to go to the shore and relax by the water, Chris wants to go hiking and camping in the mountains. They have usually been able to work out their differences, but Chris feels strongly this year since last year they went with Pat’s choice. Pat brings in a higher income and contributes more than Chris to the trip each year. I will be taking on the role of Pat in resolving this conflict with Chris. The climate that seems to be forming is a negative one. Chris isn’t regarding the facts that Pat does contribute more to the trip and isn’t considering her choice of where to go. Also Pat isn’t regarding where Chris wants to go for the trip and she still avoids the fact that Chris isn’t putting as equal amount of money into the trip as she does. The climate could continue to be negative if their communication stays disconfirming. Disconfirming communication is when those show lack of regard to the conflict and the other person involved. In the Knapp’s Model of Stages in a Relationship, this relationship is at the differentiating stage. Both Pat and Chris are exhibiting differences that are causing conflict. This situation appears to be a symmetrical conflict style in which both partners use the same behavior. Both partners save up money to go on a trip together every year and they both decide together where to go with knowing each other has differences in where to go. My character Pat has more power than Chris. Pat makes more money and puts more money into the trip than Chris does. Chris can confront Pat about how he feels about where to go for their trip, but Pat has more right and power to decide where they go until Chris pays just as equal amount for the trip to be fair. Pat wants to go somewhere with a shore to relax by the water and shouldn’t have to pay more for the trip because it should be equally split between the two. Using the Satir Model, one looks or analyzes their feelings, their partner’s feelings, context or place, and topic is the issue of conflict. There are five stages of this model. Placating can lead to avoidance for one ignores or doesn’t acknowledge their feelings. Pouncing or Blaming is when one ignores or doesn’t acknowledge their partner’s feelings by putting the blame on their partner and the outcome being a win-lose. Computing is when me, you, and context are cancelled out. The topic of conflict becomes the main focus. Distracting is a lose-lose style because no one’s feelings are being acknowledged, there is no place to confront the situation, and the situation is being completely avoided. Interpersonal Style is when all elements are considered in which can lead to a win-win outcome. Everyone’s feelings are being voiced at an appropriate time and place and the situation is being addressed in order to be resolved. For this particular situation, it would be ideal to use the Interpersonal Style stage. That way Chris can express his feelings on how he strongly feels that he should decide where to go this year. Then Pat can express her feelings on how she contributes more money to the trip and how she would like to go somewhere with a beach and relax. As long as a good time and place is chosen the situation can be addressed less defensively and hostile. Both Chris and Pat can talk things through by addressing each other’s feelings, why there is a situation, and figure out together how resolve the issue so everyone is happy. Another method to increase perception of the topic is by using the Pillow Method. There are also five positions in the pillow method to rationally approach a win-win outcome. By using the position five and acknowledging there is truth in all perspectives can leave compromise and consensus to achieve a win-win outcome to this conflict. Here is a win-win situation that can occur if followed right. Identify the problem and unmet needs is Chris feels he should get to choose where to go and what to do this annual trip since Pat chose last year and it is acknowledged successfully. Then Pat can address her feelings on why she wants to go to the shore and the money situation of her contributing more. Chris confronts Pat and asks when a good time to talk about the trip would be. So they both set a date to talk. During the time and place decided to talk about the trip, Chris can describe to Pat how strongly he feels about going camping and hiking this year. Pat can then explain to Chris that she understands where he is coming from and she can explain how she is still contributing a lot to their annual trip and that she really wants to be near a shore to relax. Chris and Pat can then negotiate trip locations where it has camping, hiking, and a shore. Also maybe Chris can contribute a little more to this trip. Once they settl e on a location then they can follow through on their solution and both enjoy a wonderful vacation together being happy with getting what they both want. During this process, if one party didn’t agree or successfully pass a stage, then they would have to start over to the appropriate stage until both agree and successfully continue through the stages. One part that will be difficult in my plan of action is both parties trying not to be defensive and stay sensitive to each other’s feeling and unmet needs. The reason this can be difficult is because since one party (Pat) contributes more money for the trip they may become defensive and say since they make more money it doesn’t seem fair that they would go with Chris’ plans for camping and hiking. That could make Chris feel bad and put him on guard as well. Chris may feel that his feelings and unmet needs are not being acknowledged. Or another scenario is Pat could acknowledge Chris’ feelings and compromise to letting him choose where to go on their trip in which would outcome to a lose-win situation. With there being difficulty in the plan for a win-win outcome, here are some consequences of using a win-lose, lose-win, lose-lose, and compromise method. A win-lose outcome is competing where this approach to conflict involves high concern for self and low concern for others. If Pat pursued this outcome, then she would use her power of how she makes more money and pays more for the trip to get her way to going to a beach or where ever she wanted to go disregarding Chris’ feelings and wants. A lose-win outcome is accommodating where one allows the other to have their way rather than asserting you own point of view. Pat could disregard her own feelings and wants by settling to go where ever Chris would like to go this year. Lose-lose outcome is avoiding where people non-assertively ignore or stay away from conflict. Pat and Chris could avoid the matter all together and just pick a place to go without resolving their problems they both are feeling. This down the road could lead into a bigger conflict. Compromising which is a partial lose-lose outcome is when both parties at least give some of what they want, although both sacrifice part of their goals. Pat and Chris could compromise on where to go and how much each will pay, but this delays and setbacks the conflict in which both parties don’t get what they really want to be resolved. A personal experience where I could have used a win-win conflict style approach is with my ex-boyfriend. The situation was my ex-boyfriend started a new job working out of town at least three weeks every month and we hardly were spending time with each other. I was feeling neglected and didn’t feel important to him. The outcome turned into a lose-win. I should have gathered my feelings and unmet needs better and set a date to talk to him about how I was feeling. Instead I had emotional outbursts because I bottled my emotions up and it all came out at really bad times. If we made a date to talk, then we both could have described the problem and our needs so we could be more understanding of each other. By acknowledging each other’s feelings and points of view then we could have negotiated what we wanted to do or how to better our relationship. Once we figured out what would make each other happy and strengthen our relationship then we could follow through in our solution . However, with having so much conflict that was unsuccessfully resolved we ended up parting ways so we wouldn’t hurt each other or continue being unhappy. My ex-boyfriend broke up with me while I still wanted to figure out a way to make our relationship work. It became a lose-win situation because the outcome went in the way my ex-boyfriend wanted and it wasn’t an outcome I wanted. Conflict resolution has many stages and outcomes in all different kinds of situations. I have learned through this course on how to better my communication and resolve conflict for a win-win outcome in my relationships. Pat and Chris will resolve their conflict while keeping their relationship intact and have a wonderful vacation doing the things they anticipated doing. By following the conflict resolution model, can strength relationships and help resolve conflict by addressing the problem, being sensitive and open minded to each other’s point of views, and negotiating to reach a solution that makes both parties happy. Situation Comedy: Analysis of Peep Show Situation Comedy: Analysis of Peep Show Carroll discusses the type of characters which the audience find most attractive in sitcoms: Much humour is undeniably at the expense of characters who are particularly stupid, vain, greedy, cruel, ruthless, dirty, lubricious, and deficient in other respects (2005, p.345). I intend to examine the ways in which Carrolls statement can be supported through the depiction of characters in contemporary sitcom, focusing on the British sitcom Peep Show and American sitcom Community. Peep Show (Clarke, 2003) follows the lives of two friends Mark Corrigan and Jeremy (Jez) Usbourne who live together in a flat based in Croydon, London. Mark has a pessimistic outlook while Jeremy is lazy and childish, with unrealistic goals about his future. American sitcom Community (Harmon, 2009) focuses on the lives of an ensemble cast of characters, Jeff Winger, Britta Perry, Abed Nadir, Shirley Bennett, Annie Edison, Troy Barnes and Pierce Hawthorne, who live in the fictitious town of Greendale, Colorado and attend Greendale Community College. The purpose of humour is to challenge social norms and morals within society. Humour is a part of daily life, and thus it should be relatable to the audience; humour can be culturally specific, or worldwide, focusing on issues such as gender, family or work life, religion, politics, wealth, class, or race and ethnicity: A standard definition of sitcom [is] concentrating on the recurring set-up and characters, the happy ending and the fact that individual episodes rarely refer to events in previous ones (Sander, 2012). The three theories of humour, are superiority, incongruity and release/relief theory. Plato and Aristotle held a negative view towards humour, as Plato perceived humour to be a malicious act while Quintilian, Aristotle and Cicero established that it is a form of behaviour from which civilized man should shrink (Chapman and Foot, 1995 cited in Perks, 2012). Superiority theory is the idea that humour is found in laughing at those deemed inferior. Theorist Thomas Hobbes talks about the sudden glory felt by viewers when they can identify their superiority over others: The idea of laughter is self-applause can nevertheless be defended by pointing out that, even though somebody elses joke occasions my laughter, what I am laughing at, what produces my joy, might be that I can see the point and thus appreciate my superiority (Ewin, 2001). It can be argued that Robert Webbs Peep Show character Jeremy triggers this type of response. Jeremys immaturity is highlighted throughout the show and is often the reason behind his involvement in regrettable situations. Jeremy lives in a fantasy world, he thinks highly of himself with illusory ideas about his future career in music. The audience are aware of Jeremys delusions, and this encourages a humorous element as we laugh at Jeremys expense. The viewer takes comfort in the knowledge that Jeremy is an example of who we aim not to be like; furthering the idea of supremacy and therefore, his character is highly entertaining and comical. This contrasts with Mark (David Mitchell) who is a rational and sensible character. It is evident that Mark is trying to succeed, especially in his work life. The audience may feel sympathetic towards Mark and the superiority notion may not be as dominant in his case, as he has more relatable and reachable goals. Superiority theory applies to Community. In the Introduction to Film episode, Britta (Gillian Jacobs) persuades Abed (Danny Pudi) to begin studying film. Abed enjoys the class, as he is seen later using a camera to create a documentary. Abeds fathers appears at Greendale college furious that Abed is studying film. Abeds friends defend his choice to take the class, explaining he can make his own decisions. His father states that Abed is no longer his concern and now his friends responsibility. Although this incident is comical due to the anger of Abeds father and the awkwardness of the groups response, there is an underlying sense of sorrow regarding Abeds relationship with his father. He is shown as controlling and forceful, and this may explain the reason for Abeds introverted personality. Abed is often the laughing stock of the group, which is also funny to the viewer. We laugh at Abed due to the ridiculousness of his experiences and how he deals with situations, as his actions are not conventional. However, the audience may or may not realise that Abed has had a difficult upbringing (especially evident with his domineering father) and although this can be interpreted as humorous on one level, it may be deeply distressing to Abed on another. We are laughing at Abeds problems and the areas in which he is lacking. Due to his fathers selfishness, Britta and Jeff (Joel McHale) are now cast in the roles of Abeds parents. This is amusing as their struggle of trying to provide for Abed is highlighted, however we are again laughing at the characters hardships, feeling thankful that we are not part of the situation presented. The viewer may also feel they could perform better in parenting Abed, and thus a feeling of superiority may arise in this way. Plato describes laughter: Plato believed that the laughter that attends humour is directed at the vice of self-unawareness. That is, we laugh at people who fail to realize the Socrates adage- Know thyself and who instead deceive themselves, imagining that they are wiser than they are (Carroll, 2005 cited in Levinson, 2003). Incongruity theory relates to the idea of comedy being absurd and irrational/illogical. Shifting away from what is accepted to be normal behaviour and societys values, often using exaggeration and rebelling against societys rules of protocol. Philosopher Immanuel Kant talks about incongruity theory: It is remarkable that in all such cases the jest must contain something that is capable of deceiving for a moment. Hence, when the illusion is dissipated, the mind turns back to try it once again, and thus through a rapidly alternating tension and relaxation it is jerked back and put into a state of oscillationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦to this sudden transposition of the mind, now to one now to another standpoint in order to contemplate its object, may correspond an alternating tension and relaxation of the elastic portions of our intestines which communicates itself to the diaphragm (like that which ticklish people feel) (Kant, 1790 cited in Bardon, 2005). Incongruity theory is evident in Community. Throughout the series, a dreamlike setting is apparent, especially in Abeds Uncontrollable Christmas. Abed Nadir is eccentric and quirky. It is often hinted at that Abed is suffering from a mental illness or personality disorder. During this episode, Abed believes the upcoming Christmas is particularly special as he views his friends as clay stop-motion animations. The group are concerned for Abeds mental health, and encourage him to find the cause for this delusion. The characters who come in and out of Abeds fantasy animated world do so through a curtain, and as the curtain opens, a glimpse of the normal study room is seen. This helps to connect the audience with Abeds friends, and offers a sense of reality. The animation effect is unusual and may surprise or disturb the viewer. This world is an impossibility and is irrational to the audience and to everyone else within the episode, aside from Abed. We are led on the same journey with Abe d and his friends, to try and help him return to rational thought. Community consists of non-linear narratives and surrealist themes throughout, which adds to its overall success as a sitcom. The audience are encouraged to find humour in the bizarre happenings. It should be mentioned that the characters make it known that Abeds stop-motion world is peculiar, and the viewer can laugh at Abed regardless that the cause for his hallucination is related to a more personal issue, which relates back to superiority theory. Peep Show portrays elements of incongruity theory. Mark and Jeremy often rebel against what is classed as normal behaviour. As a cringe-style comedy, Peep Show breaks the fourth wall and this allows for intimacy and immediacy with the audience. Incongruity theory is shown in the episode Shrooming, where Jeremy, to impress the girl he loves (Sus), hosts a drug party at the flat. Mark arrives home from work ill with gastric flu. Jeremy is furious that Mark has returned and this may hinder his chances with Sus and ruin the party. Jez puts sleep medication in Marks tea before locking his bedroom door. The episode is comical as the viewer can sympathise with Mark being very ill and not having access to a bathroom. Jeremy will do whatever it takes to fulfil his own selfish desires. In addition, Marks boss has suspicions over his condition and is unsure if Mark is well enough to attend the upcoming business trip, however Mark insists he is fine. It is evident that Mark is desperate to impr ess his boss and will risk his own health in doing so. This type of behaviour is somewhat strange and the viewer may question why Mark does not refuse due to his ill health; its as though he feels he has something to prove. Once Mark escapes the bedroom, he rushes to the toilet, however the bathroom door has been removed from the hinges. Unfortunately, his boss has come to the flat, but finds him in the bathroom alongside Jez. The two men are appalled and disgusted at Mark, who is extremely embarrassed and uncomfortable. The social awkwardness of the situation is outstanding and the audience experience the humiliation alongside Mark. This behaviour is shocking, as it defies what is deemed socially acceptable, and is an infringement on human privacy. Jeremy and his boss continue to observe Mark instead of realising the bizarreness of the situation and leaving. Feelings of sympathy towards Mark return, and Jeremy is viewed in a negative light as he has the option to allow Mark his privacy but refuses, showing little respect. Herbert Spencer talks about relief/release theory, and its psychological effects: That laughter is a form of muscular excitement, and so illustrates the general law that feeling passing a certain pitch habitually vents itself into [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] action, scarcely needs pointing out. It perhaps needs pointing out, however, that strong feeling of almost any kind produces this result. It is not a sense of the ludicrous, only, which does it; nor are the various forms of joyous emotion the sole additional causes (Herbert, 1987 cited in Olson, 2007). Through the observation of an event or situation an initial build-up of tension is caused, and pleasure is found in the release of this energy.   Austrian philosopher/psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud expands on Spencers theory. Freud talks about the relief that comes with laughing or finding humour in the critique of society and its expectations of us. Freud goes on to explain that our sexual impulses are like our malicious ones, stating that these elements of humour are highly appealing and offer relief, as we are forced to repress these thoughts/feelings by society: The prevention of invective or of insulting rejoinders by external circumstances is such a common case that tendentious jokes are especially favoured to make aggressiveness or criticism possible against persons in exalted positions who claim to exercise authority. The joke then represents a rebel ­lion against that authority, a liberation from its pressure. The charm of caricatures lies in this same factor: we laugh at them even if they are unsuccessful simply because we count rebellion against authority as a merit (Freud, 1960). This illustrates that we will indulge in such thoughts, only if safe to do so; if there is no threat such as our reputation being judged. Relief theory can refer to humour and laughter at cruelty, obscenity, inappropriateness and nonsense. It can be argued that relief and release theory apply more so to a stand-up comedy routine where jokes are continuously told allowing for the sense of anticipation, rather than a sitcom television programme. Relief theory may apply to an episode in Community: Curriculum Unavailable. During this episode, the group have been expelled from Greendale, and notice Abeds behaviour becoming particularly erratic. Due to this, the group attend therapy alongside Abed. During the sessions, the group are informed that Greendale is in fact a mental health institution where the group were attending as patients due to nervous breakdowns, and they created the delusion that they were part of a community college. This revelation builds up tension and anticipation as the viewer begins questioning the entire series and setup of Community. Once Jeff insists this is not be true and the group discover the psychiatrist is a fraud, faith is restored in the narrative. Relief is experienced through this discovery, and we laugh at the ridiculousness of the joke. Nervous excitement is released through laughter at the realisation the counsellor is lying to the group. Also in this episode, it appears Pierce is addicted to pain medication. He experiences hallucinations of a small man, referred to as Tiny Man. Pierce is shown to enjoy his high from the drugs and no one has yet mentioned his addiction, even though it was witnessed earlier in the study room. This may glamorise the idea of taking drugs and we laugh at Pierces pleasurable experience. Drug addictions are viewed as extremely negative within society, and hinting at the idea that taking drugs is an enjoyable or fun experience is a prejudicial notion, thus allowing suppressed feelings to arise in the viewer and laughter to occur. A Peep Show episode Seasonal Beatings, where Mark is hosting a Christmas family dinner shows relief theory. Mark describes his father as having a critical personality and he fears this. It becomes evident that Mark does not have a healthy relationship with his parents and feels nervous about their arrival. Marks girlfriend, Dobby, also attends the dinner however Mark insists she does not inform his parents about their relationship. This sets up anticipation, the audience begin to feel the tension of the situation. There is a build-up of anxiety concerning the arrival of Marks parents as well as ensuring his relationship with Dobby is kept secret. Once his parents arrive, Dobby begins speaking negatively about her boyfriend- this continues the accumulation of anticipation (we want his parents to discover this horrible boyfriend is Mark). Finally, Mark becomes frustrated and it is revealed to his parents that he is Dobbys boyfriend. The relief is found in the reveal that Mark is the di sappointing boyfriend and his fathers reaction we laugh at this, and understand that Mark is the butt of the joke. To conclude, Carrolls account continues to be manifested through characters and storylines within the contemporary situation comedy. Both Peep Show and Community are examples of these types of sitcoms, with characters such as Mark, who we often feel sympathy towards or Jeremy, who comes across as rather selfish and egotistical. Community portrays a variety of characters who differ from one another, such as Abed who is unsure of himself and eccentric or Pierce, often depicted as being sexist through making crude or sexual jokes regarding women. Humour is found in these types of personalities and the way the characters interact with one another. The audience enjoy characters who are willing to push the boundaries and test or challenge social norms. References Bardon, D. (2005) The Philosophy of Humor. [Online] Available: http://faculty.swosu.edu/frederic.murray/philosophy%20of%20humor_1.pdf [Accessed: 10 March 2017]. Community. (2009) Series 1, Episode 3. US. [TV Programme] NBC. 1 October 2009, 9:30pm Community. (2009) Series 2, Episode 11. US. [TV Programme] NBC. 9 December 2010, 8pm Community. (2009) Series 3, Episode 19. US. [TV Programme] NBC. 10 may 2012, 8pm Davies, C. and Berger, P. (1998) Redeeming Laughter, The Comic Dimension of Human Experience. The British Journal of Sociology. [Online] Vol.49(4), p.670. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1466184 [Accessed: 12 March 2017]. Ewin, R. (2001) Hobbes on Laughter. The Philosophical Quarterly. [Online] Vol.51(202), pp.29-40. Available: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2660519 [Accessed: 12 March 2017]. Levinson, J. (2003) The Oxford Handbook of Aesthetics. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Olson, E. (2007) The Horror of Humor. [Online] Available: https://gustavus.edu/philosophy/files/theses/horrorofhumor.doc [Accessed: 10 March 2017]. Peep Show. (2003) Series 3, Episode 3. UK. [TV Programme] Channel 4. 25 November 2005 Peep Show. (2003) Series 7, Episode 5. UK. [TV Programme] Channel 4. 24 December 2010 Perks, L. (2012) The Ancient Roots of Humor Theory. [Online] Available: http://scholarworks.merrimack.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1007context=com_facpub [Accessed: 10 March 2017]. Sander, J. (2012) The Television Series Community and Sitcom. [Online] Available: http://www.divaportal.org/smash/get/diva2:558088/FULLTEXT01.pdf [Accessed: 5 March 2017].

Macbeth :: essays research papers

"Macbeth Essay" In the play Macbeth we see many common themes that do emerge. One of which is the theme of ambition which will at the end eventually lead to the death of the main character. We see this in the eventual death of both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. In this essay I hope to show the dominant theme of ambition and how it leads to the downfall of the main characters in the play. We first start to see Macbeth getting his ambition to become king in his quote when he says "if chance will have me king, why chance may crown me, without my stir"(I.iii.34-37). Here we see that Macbeth is growing impatient and eager to become the king. He just doesn’t want to sit back and wait for himself to be crowned and let destiny run it’s course, he wants to be part of it when it happens, and he wants to be king right now. And this is when it all turns downhill. He is starting to become very ambitious for the thrown. We will also soon see that he will stop at nothing short of killing the current king and he will even go so far as to kill one of his friends, and try to kill his son in order to try and become the new king. Next we see this theme again when Macbeth says "Me thought I heard a voice cry "Sleep no more, Macbeth does murder sleep," the innocent sleep"(II.ii.64-66). Here again we see Macbeth is starting to hear voices and he is starting to go a little crazy. Here is where things really start to head downhill, and they go down fast. Because of Macbeth’s ambition for king he has killed the current king. Now he thinks he is hearing voices that keep him from getting his sleep. And as we will later see, Macbeth will eventually die due to his over eager ambition to become the new king. The event of killing the king will set into play a whole chain of events that will soon show the downfall of Macbeth from his short lived thrown. On the other hand we can also see this ambition with Lady Macbeth. She also shows us the signs that she is getting over ambitious to become the new queen when she says "Thou wouldst be great; Art not without Ambition, but without, the illness should attend it"(I.

John Proctor is the tragic hero of The Crucible Essay

‘ He is showing he will stop at nothing to get her out of prison and reassuring Elizabeth that she has nothing to worry about. In this scene some of his actions however can be proven to be un-heroic such as the way he treats his servant Mary Warren, this is shown when he says to her ‘ I will bring your guts into your mouth’ suggesting that he will kill her but in a more vicious manner than is truly necessary. This quotes however makes a stronger impact on the audience as Mary Warren is still rather young and is sobbing and its not exactly heroic to reduce a young girl to tears. Act 3 is one of Proctors most heroic scenes, it shows him standing up to a very close knit court, Abigail and all the other accusers, especially when he confesses to his affair with Abigail, which for anyone to do in front of a court must be very hard. ‘ I have known her sir, i have known her’ this means he had sex with her. I believe Miller wrote the character of John Proctor as himself writing the play which is standing up to McCarthyism in the way Proctor is standing up to the court. By telling the court about him and Abigail Proctor shows he is so eager to free his wife that he risks putting himself in jail for adultery which is heroic because he is sacrificing himself for what is right, even though he knows his wife is safe for a year because she is pregnant he still goes through with his claim as he knows it is the right thing to do. Another action that proved him heroic was his gentleness towards Mary Warren after the cruel words he said to her in the last act. In act 4 proctor is yet again very heroic and this scene is where the tragic part comes in because he dies. Proctor though slightly sways towards confessing to witchcraft he says ‘ i want my life’. This shows he is not confessing because he is guilty he is confessing because he wants to stay alive and be with his wife and children. He does however while he is confessing refuse to give any names so he can save his friends ‘ i speak my own sins; i cannot judge another’ this is proving just because he was being weak and confessing to being with the devil he will not condemn another person to an awful fate which he ends up having when he is hanged at the end of this scene which is where the play becomes tragic. In conclusion i think John Proctor is a tragic hero because although he did some un-heroic things such as having an affair and sometimes being unnecessarily vicious he came through in the end, he tried to save his friends and wife, went up against the court and went up against Abigail. All those things show he helps, is honest and stands up for his cause which are all quality’s of a hero. He is a tragic hero because in the course of being a hero he died. This is not the only tragic part though, the fact that nothing came from his death for some time is also tragic, even though Abigail runs away he still gets hung because of how society was in that time and also the court was to embarrassed to admit it had been fooled. It was only some time later that the court finally admitted everything. This comes back to the reason Miller wrote Proctor as he was. In the introduction of the book there is a quote from Miller saying ‘ the political question therefore, of whether witches and communists could be equated was no longer the point. What was manifestly parallel was the guilt, two centuries apart, of holding illicit, suppressed feelings of alienation and hostility toward standard, daylight society as defined by its most orthodox components. ‘ This shows that Miller is not comparing witches and communists, he is simply showing how closely related Americas attitude was towards both and how they accused the ‘standard, daylight society’ of crimes they had nothing to do with and how Miller, like proctor, was risking everything to make a point. Olivia Lee 11. DM Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Miller section.

The Right Way Of Doing A Dissertation Outline - Paperell.com

The Right Way Of Doing A Dissertation Outline The Right Way Of Doing A Dissertation Outline Both Ph.D and Master education programs require completion of such a big and serious project as a thesis, however, not everyone understands that the preparatory stages before this work are more significant and hard. We are talking about an outline. In fact, such papers are often judged by their plans simply because people can’t read the whole documents fast. Even if you work hard when doing a research and writing the main body of your paper but your plan is poor, many people will not even read the text of your paper. This is one of the essential rules. That is why you need to organize dissertation chapters well and create a good outline that shows the quality of your paper.There are common parts of outline that should be in every work. However, the number of elements and their order can be different and vary for different colleges and universities. Thus, you need to check the requirements you are given. Also, take into account the subject of your paper, and read the instructio ns from your supervisors if you have to write your thesis well and write all other sections well. The good outline helps you to involve your readers, grab their attention, make them read further and understand the meaning of your paper. It also helps to organize your essay in the way so each section has its place in the dissertation. If it is hard for you to develop a good structure or you don’t have necessary skills for it, you can ask other students for a help or buy dissertation online. When working on the plan of your paper, make sure that it meets all the requirements and your dissertation type. Find a sample to make it easier! Reading other people’s works helps you understand different types of outlines and how to develop them.General Dissertation Outline RulesThere are several common sections for all dissertation outlines. Look at them:IntroductionLiterature ReviewUsed MethodologiesResearch FindingsDiscussion and ConclusionIf you need to write an outline for a d issertation, you will start from the Introduction. It is the opening clause of your text. In this section, describe Aims and Objectives of your paper, why did you decide to write it, why it is interesting to you and why it should be interesting to your readers. The Literature Review section provides the list of used sources and describes why you selected them for your paper. It is also an important section. It also helps your readers understand what are the current trends in your area of science and why your sources are significant. The list of Methodologies shows the approaches and instruments you used to do a research. You can describe what strategies helped you to write a dissertation and why did you use them for writing it. The Research Findings sector has to contain data about results of your investigation. Later, you will be required to provide an explanation to each of them and indicate how they prove your thesis statement by describing it in the Discussion and Conclusion par t. Your dissertation may also contain other chapters if necessary. Check the requirements to know what is the correct structure of your paper and how many words or pages each of the chapters should have.Useful Tips On Writing An Outline For DissertationYou can start from reading outline examples, as you can find many such documents on the Internet. To understand how you should develop your plan, just look at how other students do it. Pay attention to how they present information, what sections they use, how big is each section in their papers, and how it helps to understand the meaning of dissertations just be reading their outlines.You don’t have to write the outline in linear order. You can rewrite any section later in necessary. When working on different sections of your text, you will need to add more elements, change their order and titles.Use different tools to grab readers’ attention and make them sure that your paper is significant. You should not only create a good work but also show why it is good and worth reading. That is why working on the dissertation outline can be not as easy as it seems to be.Make sure your all other sections are connected with the introduction and help you to present ideas that were described briefly in the begging of the document. The results and their discussions should prove your thesis statement.Create a timetable to finish the dissertation outline on time. If you are stuck with specific sections, you can move to other elements and then go back or if you don’t have necessary information for specific sections, look for it on the Internet, your college or university library, or specific websites for students that provide a lot of sources, which can be used for writing academic papers of different types.Good Dissertation Outline ExampleWhere to find it? When working on dissertation proposal outline, you should see how it should be written. That is why you need to read samples of works by other students, it is better to read papers that are close to your subject and have similar size. You should understand that works of other students are just examples. You cannot copy their fragments except for using citations because if you copy them and don’t make appropriate references to them in the Literature Review or the Bibliography section, you can be accused of plagiarism. Where to find a good dissertation outline example? You can start by googling it because you can download many academic papers from the Internet. Read them wisely and use only elements that are appropriate for your dissertation type. You can also use the library of your college and university. Just look for dissertation outlines and use keywords if needed and note that there are also online libraries that contain academic papers from different universities and let the students read and download them for different purposes. Note that names and titles of similar sections may vary. Each university can have its specif ic style so you should use the style of your university and keep in mind that you should also use the required style of formatting. If there is a lot of samples, it doesn’t mean that you need to read all of them. Just pick the papers that have topics and structure similar to yours. You should also pay attention to their subjects, types, used sources, years, and cities and countries of publication.

Polish Surname Meanings and Origins

Polish Surname Meanings and Origins With more than 38.5 million inhabitants, Poland  has the seventh-largest population in Europe. Many more millions of Polish nationals and people with Polish ancestry live around the world. If youre one of them, you might wonder about the meaning of your last name.  As with the majority of European surnames, most Polish surnames fall into one of three categories: toponymic, patronymic/matronymic, and cognominal. To learn more about your family name, read on. Toponymic Surnames   Toponymic last names are typically derived from a geographical or topographical location. For instance, some names are derived from the homestead where the first bearer of that name and his family lived. In the case of nobility, surnames were often taken from the names of familial estates. Other place names that  were adapted into surnames include towns, countries, and even geographical features. While you might think such surnames could lead you to your ancestral village, often thats not the case. This is because, over the course of history, many places in Poland have shared the same name, while other locales have changed names over time, were subdivisions of a local village or estate too small to be found on a map- or simply disappeared altogether. Surnames ending in the letters owski usually derive from place names ending with y, ow, owo, or owa.   Example:  Cyrek Gryzbowski, meaning  Cyrek from the town of Gryzbow. Patronymic and  Matronymic Surnames Surnames in this category are usually derived from the first name of a male ancestor, although some are derived from the first name of a wealthy or well-respected female ancestor. Such surnames with suffixes such as  icz, wicz, owicz, ewicz, and  ycz usually mean son of. As a rule, Polish surnames that include a suffix with the letter k  (czak, czyk, iak, ak, ek,  ik, and yk) have a similar meaning which translates to either little or son of. The same is true for the suffixes yc and ic, which are most commonly found in names of eastern Polish origin. Examples: Pawel Adamicz, meaning Paul, son of Adam; Piotr  Filipek, meaning Peter, son of Philip. Cognominal Surnames There are two basic types of cognominal surnames. The first category encompasses names that are based on a persons occupation. Some of the most common occupational surnames are derived from what were traditionally the most prominent professions in Polish society throughout history. These include blacksmith (Kowalski), tailor (Krawczyk), innkeeper (Kaczmarek), carpenter (CieÅ›lak), wheelwright (KoÅ‚odziejski), and cooper (Bednarz). Example: MichaÅ‚Â  Krawiec, meaning Michael the tailor. Descriptive surnames, on the other hand, were often derived from nicknames or pet names that highlighted either a physical attribute or personality trait of the original name bearer. Example:  Jan Wysocki, meaning Tall John. 50 Common Polish Last Names Surnames with the  ski  suffix and its cognates cki  and  zki make up almost 35 percent  of the 1,000 most popular Polish names. The presence of these suffixes almost always denotes Polish origin. The most common Polish surnames are listed below. NowakKowalskiWiÅ›niewskiDabrowskiKaminskiKowalcyzkZielinskiSymanskiWozniakKozlowskiWojciechowskiKwiatkowskiKaczmarekPiotrowskiGrabowskiNowakowskiPawlowskiMichalskiNowickiAdamczykDudekZajacWieczorekJablonskiKrolMajewskiOlszewskiJaworskiPawlakWalczakGorskiRutkowskiOstrowskiDudaTomaszewskiJasinskiZawadzkiChmielewskiBorkowskiCzarneckiSawickiSokolowskiMaciejewskiSzczepanskiKucharskiKalinowskiWysockiAdamskiSobczakCzerwinski

Medieval chinese empire rise and fall Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Medieval chinese empire rise and fall - Essay Example raphy, economic system, society and the class structure have always influenced the upheaval of an empire, the role of the military systems has always been considered as the most significant factor that in the first place instigates the rise of an empire. Yet the military power with the superior technology, strategy, tactics, logistics etc has never been counted as the one and only the components of an empire. In an article, â€Å"Empire Builders, Culture Makers, and Culture Imprinters† Charles Issawi refers to the proper role of the military power in the making of an empire in the following rhetorical question, â€Å"Was this achievement because they were more successful as empire builders, that is, they showed greater political and military skill? These factors were certainly important, but they do not exhaust the question.†1 History of the world shows that successful culture builders are also the successful makers of a culture that is committed to the ideal of a unifi ed and single empire. In most cases, it happens that the empire builders have had to depend on a religion as the potential basis of the culture that will ensure commitment of the common people to the unity of the Empire. Religion has always played the role of an effective tool that can intimidate the common people internally with the least possible resentment. Indeed religion has served two-fold purpose: First, it assists the Empire builders to unify the people with one thread and then it helps to create a more stable society based on the fellow feeling, morality, and humanity. But in the imperial history of the world it is evident that religion and religion-based culture have often been manipulated by the rulers in order to tame the subject to a tyrannical end, because â€Å"It [religion] acted upon,† as Viscount Bryce notes, â€Å"the whole mass of a people, and more powerfully upon the lower than upon the more educated class. It touched those whom ordinary political disco ntents or aspirations might

Power and Persuation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Power and Persuation - Essay Example The employees can improve their living standards since their income is increased. Reward power increases the competitive nature of the organization and hence is a tool towards fighting competition. Reward power increases the chances of expansion in an organization and hence can lay the foundation to internationalization. Reward power also has negative effects to both the employer and the employees. Some employees use reward power to take advantage of the productivity of employees. The rewards sometimes given do not match the required output. The employees may also reduce the quality of work since they mind about the amount of output rather than the quality. This may destroy the image of an organization and in uttermost cases may lead to collapse of the business Raven, 1964). Coercion is related to reward power in that it leads to increased output. However, in coercion the employer instills fear in the employees such that their productivity is due to the fear they have for the management. Instilling fear in employees has both negative and positive effects. It benefits the parties involved in different ways. The employer benefits since the work output is increased and hence they can operate more profitably. The fact that the employees are made to fear their employer creates forced respect between them. Respect between the employer and the employees ensure that duties are carried put as per the set rules and targets. Coercion reduces the chances of many common mistakes done because of arrogance and hence an organization reduces the risk of losses. However, coercion can also lead to exploitation of the employees. An employee is impelled to work beyond the required standard in terms of time and productivity. The employees cannot complain about their rights since they fear being fired. This leads to poor working conditions, which may even lead to sickness in industries involving