Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Argument Essay Topics Ideas - the Story

Argument Essay Topics Ideas - the Story The Argument Essay Topics Ideas Cover Up Remember you could make funny argumentative essays if you do a few things. Understanding how to compose a strong argumentative paper will help you advance your very own argumentative thinking. From time to time, it's a great idea in order to add something funny to your argumentative essay. Just be certain that it is something which you require, not just something which you desire in the brief term. What Everybody Dislikes About Argument Essay Topics Ideas and Why Inspiration to make your own advertising or media argumentative essay topics isn't difficult to discover. Writing about widespread issues like national or global problems is often unmanageable in just two or three pages. Advertising and the media are now nearly inseparable from society for a whole. Your readers want to find the entire picture, and that's what you should concentrate on. Quite simply, the author should be able to chance upon a number of research performed by qualified individuals to support the total argument. It is crucial to get started with demonstrating the principal idea of the entire piece so you and your readers are going to be on the exact same page. Before you make a decision as to what topic to talk about or what your view is, you have to first understand what's an argumentative essay. When choosing a topic, you would first opt for an overall topic and narrow it down to create a thesis following your preliminary research. A debatable topic is one which has differing viewpoints. Recent argumentative essay topics that are related to society is going to do. Before you commence writing your essay, you should study the sources pertinent to the prospective subject, and make certain you have enough evidence to back up your thesis statement. When you're prepared to develop a thesis, have a look at these Argumentative Thesis Statement Examples. The thesis gives you a guideline on the best way to go about with writing the essay. In choosing your topic, it's frequently a good concept to start with a subject which you already have some familiarity with. It's needless to say that you should go for a subject that you regard as interesting. When you have the topic, answer the question and support your answer with three or more explanations for why you believe it. Clarify how you are going to address your topic, identify sub-arguments you must prove to produce your large argument true. The Argument Essay Topics Ideas Chronicles An argumentative essay is a kind of academic papers that students write in the center school. Therefore, for your coursework, you're want to have the very best ideas. Ensure you understand what the distinctive features of an argumentative essay are. Ask students to describe the characteristics of each sort of essay. Now you are aware that proposal essay has to be done utilizing the prescribed form. If you don't sleep well, you're interrupting the process to keep up your overall w ellness. For the aims of this lesson, emphasize an obvious structure, in place of length. Use transition words in order to connect the paragraphs and produce the point flow. If however, it's still true that you doubt your writing skills or just do not have enough to attack the assignment, you don't have to worry! Choosing topics is a distinct skill you ought to learn and practice at school, so quit procrastinating and adhere to the simple tips below to be able to think of fresh ideas and make a great topic to work on. Thus, it's important to read corresponding formatting guide. The Basics of Argument Essay Topics Ideas Becoming in a position to compose a strong argument will allow you to succeed in society. To appear beautiful, you ought to be feeling fresh. You may also restate the ideas which you've discussed in the body paragraphs in order to make your point valid. The body consists of 3 paragraphs. The conclusion provides the total verdict of the argument. You're then requested to prove your thesis with good evidence to back this up. It's essential not just to supply the evidence to strengthen your position but also to refute that of your opponents. To compose a terrific argumentative essay the students first must investigate several sides of the argument, which enables them to make an educated stance.

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Cybercrime And Cybersecurity Cybercrime - 1324 Words

Jordan T. Bullock Professor T’Mars McCallum CSCI 101 2 April 2017 Cybercrime and Cybersecurity In today’s day and age cybercrime and cybersecurity are serious subjects. Now, back in the day say our parents or grandparents time those weren’t even real topics or non-existent. Cybercrime (hacking) and cybersecurity are still both fairly new and with newness comes problems. Such as, not fully understanding and knowing the ins and outs. Merriam-Webster states that cybercrime is, â€Å"crime (as theft, fraud, intellectual property violations, or distribution of child pornography) committed electronically.†1 Merriam-Webster also states that cybersecurity are, â€Å"measures taken to protect a computer or computer system (as on the Internet) against†¦show more content†¦It may not seem like a thing, but it is real. Criminals now do not have to leave the comfort of their homes in order to conduct dirty business, a computer will do all the work for them (hence the black market). â€Å"Criminals take advantage of technology in many different ways. The Internet, in particular, is a great tool for scammers and other miscreants, since it allows them to ply their trade while hiding behind a shield of digital anonymity. Cybercrime affects society in a number of different ways, both online and in the offline world.†4 Piracy is a big thing as well, it is seen more than anything else especially in China. Piracy is geared towards those with a lesser income considering they cannot afford to purchase things at full price. Instead of using iTunes to download music most go on the internet and get it for free. Or they’ll download and watch movies online for free as well. Now many might have the question of when did all of this cybercrime stuff actually start. Well, cybercrime has been around as long as the internet has. There’s always been those smart enough to understand what they’ve been given. Some saw just something to have fun with while others saw a gold mined. Though not all cybercrime is horrible, not saying that its good because yes it still has the word â€Å"crime† in it, but some do it alleviate themselves from debt, to hack into their professor’s computer to find out the exam answers, among other things. Some willShow MoreRelatedCyberCrime: Cybersecurity for Cyberspace Essay2003 Words   |  9 Pages Successful attacks upon the US networking infrastructure would obviously impede governmental operation, more importantly; accessing a wealth of potentially destructive information would have profound implications, thus, Cybersecurity policies must be implemented. Cybersecurity policies create levels and barriers of networking security as their standards, guidelines, and response to potential threats, vulnerabilities, and consequential risk are greatly reduced. Encompassing the security of â€Å"Cyberspace†Read MoreCyber Warfare Is The Realm Of Cybersecurity And Cybercrime Prevention Essay1162 Words   |  5 Pages One of the fastest growing and challenging fields of law enforcement is the realm of cybersecurity and cybercrime prevention. Though the field is still in its infancy at the municipal level, there are many opportunities at the federal level that focus on matters of national security. Many countries are now dependent on internet-connected information systems that directly affect their critical infrastructure (Tofan, Andrei, Dinca, 2012). Unfortunately, an attack against this critical infrastructureRead MoreThe Cyberspace Will Affect National Security Essay1444 Words   |  6 Pagesseen came with it the weakening of the once secure national strength seen in nations. In the last two decades cyberspace has been defined as the fifth battleground’ for international relations, with the aspects of cyber war, cyber terrorism, and cybercrime as some of the largest threats to the security of the national and international community. (Popović, 2013) With this ‘fifth battl eground’ of the cyberspace thrown into the international battlegrounds of old, its effectiveness and effect on theRead MoreCybercrime And Its Effects On Our Nation s Security And Economy1118 Words   |  5 Pagesfact, Cybercrimes has risen so dramatically that they have seemingly replaced old – fashioned, organized crime. A cybercrime is an act involving the use of computers or technology devices. Cybercrimes affect on our nation’s security and economy. Therefore, there is a statement: â€Å"The US has done plenty to prevent cybercrimes† about cybercrime situations. From my perspective, I do not agree with this opinion. In this essay, I will point out that the US has not done a lot to prevent cybercrimes fromRead MoreImpact Of Cybercrime Today : Government And Private Industry Through Information Sharing Methods1354 Words   |  6 PagesImpacts to cybercrime today is forcing government and security agencies to place focus on cybersecurity within governm ent, private, and public sectors. In 2015, the administration intends to pass legislation to strengthen cybersecurity across the U.S. government and private industry through information sharing methods. Contradictory controversy exists whether the government may dictate how the private industry should carry out their cybersecurity, if so, is it effective? Over the last severalRead MoreAustralian Cyber Security Case Study1179 Words   |  5 Pagesthe government’s cybersecurity activities as well as support a wide array of companies. What is more, the body will be configured in a manner that the private sector will also be included in the augmentation of cyber security (Jenkins, S. and Jenkins, S., 2015). Nevertheless, it should be remembered that the Australian Signals Directorate will lead the ACSC. In particular, this body does much of the work the government is supposed to do as pertains to the effectuation of cybersecurity measures. It isRead MoreA Rising Concern For U nited States Citizens1487 Words   |  6 PagesCybercrimes: A Rising Concern for United States Citizens How would someone like to go shopping this holiday season and go to checkout just to find out that your credit/debit card are being declined? As they begin to investigate, they start to realize that the problem is much more than they expected because their identity and personal information was stolen. Cybercrimes have become a main concern for the United States. Therefore, cybersecurity should be one of the main concerns of security inRead MoreA Research Project On Cyber Security1230 Words   |  5 Pagesproject, I would like to explore about the cyber security measures. Cybersecurity covers the fundamental concepts underlying the construction of secure systems from the hardware to the software to the human computer interface, with the use of cryptography to secure interactions. These concepts are easily augmented with hands-on exercises involving relevant tools and techniques. We have different types of computer related crimes, cybercrimes, computer related offenses, federal ap proaches defenses. The informationRead MoreChinas Internet Penetration Rate1154 Words   |  5 Pagesvalues (Peiran 38). This is just one of the factors complicating China’s cybersecurity stance behind its official claims of information security. It illustrates the speed and variability at which these cybersecurity developments shape up. For example, it is not difficult to imagine that under less turbulent circumstances, advocates for democratic values in China would have gained a stronger foothold in the realm of cybersecurity policy. Russia also faces complex questions despite the apparent clarityRead MoreCyber Crime Case1458 Words   |  6 Pagesis needed to perform the task of providing information security and cyber defense against any cyber threats. The adoption of a national policy on cybersecurity and cyberdefense involving all sectors of society, under the leadership of the Ministry of Defense and in coordination with other state entities. Between 2007 and 2010, the need for on cybercrime was becoming clear, resulting in several proposals and new initiatives like. CIRTISI Col-CSIRT El CSIRT Colombiano CSIRT-CCIT ANALYSIS

Friday, May 15, 2020

Essay about Love and Struggle in The Great Gatsby by F....

F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby is the story of one man searching for a long-lost love and the struggles he goes through to get her back. It is the story of Jay Gatsby, his wealth, and most importantly, his awe-inspiring love for Daisy Buchanan, his first and only true love. Gatsby spends all of his time trying to build up a life to impress Daisy and win her back from her rich, jealous, and aggressive husband, Tom Buchanan. Symbolism is strong throughout the novel; from the green light at the end of Daisy’s dock symbolizing how close Gatsby is to Daisy (yet still so far away), to the valley of ashes representing the lost hopes and dreams of the people in the city. There is also the mantle clock, a symbol of lost time†¦show more content†¦When Daisy and Gatsby later reunite, they are standing in Gatsby’s bedroom, looking out across the bay. Gatsby points out the green light and says â€Å"If it wasn’t for the mist we could see your ho me across the bay† (92). He then says â€Å"You always have a green light that burns all night at the end of your dock† (92). Daisy realizes that Gatsby has been waiting for her and has been looking at the light for a long time, and then she takes his arm. Nick then has the thought that perhaps the green light is not as important as it once was, because Daisy and Gatsby are now linked arm in arm. The valley of ashes is described as â€Å"a fantastic farm where ashes grow like wheat into ridges and hills and grotesque gardens; where ashes take the forms of houses and chimneys and rising smoke and, finally, with a transcendent effort, of men who move dimly and already crumbling through the powdery air† (23). The valley of ashes represents all of the dreams that died in the city and were never lived out, almost a valley of regrets. â€Å"Men move dimly† (23) because they have nothing left to live for, because all of their dreams are dead, just like the ashes. The gray cars go by and stir up a cloud of hope, and the ash-men pick up â€Å"their leaden spades† (23) and carry out their â€Å"obscure operations† (23), trying to relive their dreams to get a second chance. Gatsby lost Daisy when he was very young, and that crushedShow MoreRelatedThe Influence of Fitzgerals Personal Life on The Gerat Gastby1035 Words   |  5 PagesThe Influence of Fitzgerald’s Personal Life on The Great Gatsby Many authors find inspiration through real life experiences and transform them into works of literature to match how they want to portray them. Fitzgerald is no different, in fact, his personal life is a crucial factor in his writing style. Fitzgerald grew up with increasing numbers of difficulties, but found his way around them and incorporated those experiences into his novels. In order to achieve his goals, he began changingRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby Essay1077 Words   |  5 Pages F. Scott Fitzgerald is one of the popular novelists of twentieth century America. He is the representative novelist of the age because his novels deal with the American life in 20th century. Fitzgerald regards himself as a failure, and it was only after his death in 1940 that the greatness of his novel was recognized. The novel was published in 1925. After World War II, the novel became popular. It was taught in American high schools. Many stage and film versions of the novel also appeared. TheRead MoreThemes of The Great Gatsby Essay1040 Words   |  5 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby is a story that has many different themes. Fitzgerald shows the themes that he uses through his character’s desires and actions. This novel has themes in it that we deal with in our everyday life. It has themes that deal with our personal lives and themes that deal with what’s right and what’s wrong. There are also themes that have to do with materialistic items that we deal desire on a daily basis. Fitzgerald focuses on the themes of corrupted love, immoralityRead MoreThe Colors of Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgeralds Famous Novel1640 Words   |  7 Pag esF. Scott Fitzgerald is famous for the detail with which he crafted the quintessential American novel, The Great Gatsby. With his well-chosen words, Fitzgerald painted a fantastic portrait of life during the Roaring Twenties in the minds of his readers, a picture rich with color and excitement. Four colors: green, gold, white, and gray played key roles in the symbolic demonstration of ideas and feelings which, woven together seamlessly, made The Great Gatsby a world-renowned work of literary geniusRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby974 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty in the Valley of Ashes: The Great Gatsby â€Å"This is a valley of ashes- a fantastic farm where ashes grow like wheat into ridges and hills and grotesque gardens where ashes take the forms of houses and chimneys and raising smoke and finally, with a transcendent effort, of men who move dimly and already crumbling through the powdery air† (Fitzgerald 26). In the novel, â€Å"The Great Gatsby,† the author F. Scott Fitzgerald, mainly depicted lives of the rich and their luxuries but also showed theRead More The American Dream in F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby1134 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Dream in F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is a brilliant illustration of life among the new rich during the 1920s, people who had recently amassed a great deal of wealth but had no corresponding social connections. The novel is an intriguing account about love, money and life during the 1920s in New York. It illustrates the society and the associated beliefs, values and dreams of the American population at that time. These beliefsRead More The Search for Utopia in The Great Gatsby Essay1131 Words   |  5 Pages   Ã‚  In Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby, the reader discovers multiple interpretations of utopia. Each character is longing for one particular paradise. Only one character actually reaches utopia, and the arrival is a mixed blessing at best. The concept of paradise in The Great Gatsby is â€Å"a shifting, evanescent illusion of happiness, joy, love, and perfection, a mirage that leads each character to reach deeper, look harder, strive farther†(Lehan, 57). All the while, time pulls each individualRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1202 Words   |  5 PagesJay Gatsby and F. Scott Fitzgerald F. Scott Fitzgerald is an acclaimed American author, popularly recognized for his novel The Great Gatsby. In addition to his literary work, Fitzgerald is noted for his unstable personal life. Originally coming from a low-income background, he could not marry the woman that he first loved. Even when he met another woman, he had to acquire wealth to marry her; this drove him to publish his first novel. He married her shortly after. However, a couple years after, heRead MoreEssay On The American Dream In The Great Gatsby1652 Words   |  7 PagesDream is also used in the two novels, The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller. Both of the main characters in these novels had a specific dream and they based their entire lives off of these dreams. The main characters from each novel, Gatsby and Willy, spend their entire lives fighting to achieve their goals and struggle with a multitude of different issues along the way. In The Great Gatsby, by F. S cott Fitzgerald, and Death of a Salesman by Arthur MillerRead MoreThemes Of The American Dream In The Great Gatsby1503 Words   |  7 Pagesdream is the ideal that every human that lives in the United States of America has an equal opportunity to fulfill success and achieve happiness. The failure of the American dream is an evident theme in the novel. The author, F. Scott Fitzgerald, uses the character Jay Gatsby to symbolize the corruption that the pursuit of the American Dream holds. The American Dream highlights equality and is the quintessential idea that all humans are equal. However, this idea is perceived as an illusion. Due to

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Offshore Outsourcing Essay

Advantages and Disadvantages of Offshore Outsourcing Kati Methvin University of North Alabama Advantages and Disadvantages of Offshore Outsourcing Today, offshore outsourcing is an attractive alternative to in-house or domestic production. The approach imports several advantages that appeal to companies, particularly multinationals, which explains the great traction that it has gained across the globe. Even so, delegating tasks to foreign third parties also carries a suite of new risks that businesses must handle. Without proper execution, the approach may result in adverse outcomes that outweigh its value. This paper offers an in-depth analysis of the pros and cons of offshore outsourcing. Outsourcing is a process whereby firms delegate tasks or operations to an external party who can deliver better quality cheaply and promptly (Tayauova, 2012). Outsourcing takes place when the business allocates some tasks to a third party and offshore outsourcing entails assigning that work to vendors in foreign countries (Gnuschke, Wallace, Wilson, Smith, 2004 ; Davis, Ein-Dor, King, Torkzadeh, 2006). Now, the outside supplier can be a specialized company, contractor, or a development house (Soriano-Meier, Garza-Reyes, Lal, Rocha-Lona, 2012). The outsourcer typically assigns the responsibility and risk for carrying out specific functions to an external entity. This practice entails transferring activities that companies traditionally performed in-house to an external vendor orShow MoreRelatedOutsourcing And Its Advantages For A Company1225 Words   |  5 PagesEXECUTIVE SUMMARY Outsourcing can have more disadvantages for a company if the company does not take major precautions before proceeding. The purpose of this report is to (1) identify major IT outsourcing risks. (2) How to minimize the risk to out rule the disadvantages. There are many steps to successful outsourcing; here are the main ones gathered from the research. †¢ Be discreet when selecting your vendor , analyse there previous work †¢ Consult with an attorney before signing the contract †¢ MakeRead MoreStrategic Dimensions Of Sourcing And Shoring Techniques822 Words   |  4 Pagesbusiness on the home front, or near the home place. These strategic dimensions include (a) domestic outsourcing (b) insourcing (c) backsourcing (d) offshoring (e) offshore outsourcing (f) onshoring (g) nearshoring (h) strategic outsourcing (i) business process outsourcing (BPO) and (j) offshore service providers (OSPs). These sourcing and shoring techniques can be complicated to understand. Domestic outsourcing is when a company decides to let go of an in-house job to go to another domestic company to performRead MoreEssay on Outsourcing Jobs To Foreign Countries1420 Words   |  6 PagesOutsourcing Jobs to Foreign Countries Due to the lack of employment in foreign countries, companies that outsource work overseas are not only beneficial to themselves but also to the service providers being employed. The initial benefit that catches the public’s eye from outsourcing is a cost reduction on the company’s part. But that is not the only benefit from outsourcing or even the key benefit that causes companies to outsource, on the other hand, outsourcing has its disadvantages as wellRead MoreOutsourcing Of Aviation Maintenance Practices And The Effects Of Globalization1352 Words   |  6 Pages Outsourcing of Aviation Maintenance Practices and the Effects of Globalization Matthew Wilkerson Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Worldwide May 16, 2016 â€Æ' Abstract Within the aviation industry outsourced maintenance practices have become increasingly more prevalent to maintain current assets. There is generally three processes currently being utilized by the airline industry: outsourcing specific maintenance needs, in-house operations, and lastly, a hybrid approach, which entails a combinationRead MoreAdvantages Of Outsourcing And Outsourcing1428 Words   |  6 Pagespaper will be centered on the advantages and disadvantages of offshoring and outsourcing. Furthermore, we will discuss some of the factors and trends that are affecting offshoring and outsourcing. Outsourcing vs. Offshoring In order to understand globalization, we have to first learn about some of the common misconceptions. The terms â€Å"outsourcing† and â€Å"offshoring† are used almost synonymously in today’s literature, however, there is a huge technical difference. Outsourcing simply occurs when a companyRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Offshoring Customer Service1648 Words   |  7 Pagespurchase another thingamajig from the Computer Company again. They have just experienced offshore outsourcing. Offshore outsourcing of customer service is unethical and may have negative effects on the economy. Outsourcing customer service is companies hiring other firms to perform their customer service operations for them. Offshore outsourcing is contracting with firms in other countries. Offshore outsourcing is also known as offshoring. The Negative Effects 3 Customers shouldRead More Outsourcing IT Jobs: Pros And Cons Essay952 Words   |  4 PagesOutsourcing IT Jobs: Pros and Cons In 1973, a monumental shift was prevailing where U.S. companies were sending low skilled jobs within the manufacturing industry to offshore countries to reduce labor cost while maximizing profits. The effect of the jobless manufacturing work force was a shift of those laborers to focus on and perfect the service industry of what it is today (Koch 1). During the high tech recessions of the late 1990s and a nominal expansion of the present time, the InformationRead MoreOffshore Outsourcing Essay1447 Words   |  6 PagesOutsourcing is simply the farming-out of services to a third party. Offshore outsourcing is majorly used in IT related task for which internet plays a vital role along with work related to sales marketing, finance, human resource administration, etc. Quality and effective risk management are two integral parts of offshore outsourcing services. Offshore outsourcing allows businesses to reduce costs, gain staffing flexibility and increase revenue, gain competitive ad vantage, decrease cycle timeRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing1460 Words   |  6 Pagesworkers that are educated and have the ability to take higher paying positions that are, at times, at odds with the First World countries themselves (e.g. using Indian workers at  ½ or less wage for Customer Service, Data Entry, etc.) (Reddy, 2008). Outsourcing is a term for contracting out a business process that was done internally to an independent organization away from the home office. This includes both foreign and domestic contracting, even though most of the media hype surrounds the idea of movingRead MoreEffects of Globalization: Globalization and the Effects on the United States Economy1713 Words   |  7 Pagessense is a business’s movement from one country to another. This is done for a number of reasons; amount of readily available resources, labor market, increased number of customers, and to ultimately become more profitable. There is a decisive advantage for a business to move overseas, but there are a number of drawbacks globalization creates on the local economy. When businesses become an international entity the home country experiences increased unemployment rates, the human resource department

The Basic Concept Of Organic Farming - 1368 Words

PART A: The basic concept for organic farming is simple: allow nature to follow its natural path and achieve a natural state to develop sustainable and harmonious enterprises with the environment and community. Organic production is a holistic method of production that involves more than choosing not to use synthetic pesticides, fertilisers, genetically modified organisms (GM) on crops, and growth hormones in livestock. Organic farming is a viable alternative production method to optimise the agro-ecosystem, but there are many challenges. Government regulations standardise organic products in which NASAA Organic Standard (National Association for Sustainable Agriculture Australia) oversees. NASAA’s standards for agricultural products represent organic import, export, and the federal ‘certified organic’ logo. This labelling must by certified by qualified producers and meet guidelines such as containing at least 95% organic ingredients to legally allow retailing. Organic production must also meet other federal (national) regulations set by FSANZ (Food Standards Australia and New Zealand) and AQIS (Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service). Not only farmers, but those they work with must abide to organic methods and practices and this makes the process more labor and management intensive. Organic certification is however costly with organic certification fees varying at a rate of $500 - $1000 per farm. This agricultural economics is a common reason farmers choose not toShow MoreRelated Saving American Agriculture Essay982 Words   |  4 Pagesand large-scale crop production. â€Å"Many conceived of farming as a rewarding life . . . and a source of moral virtue† (Mariola, 2005). While presently, many view farming as purely economic in purpose. It has been stated that farming in America is decreasing more quickly than any other occupation. Yet, population increases steadily, making agriculture all the more essential. Many current issues are affecting agricultural progress in America; basic concerns over water, land, and climate only begin toRead MoreOrganic Agriculture, As Defined By The National Organic Standards Board1163 Words   |  5 PagesOrganic Agriculture, as defined by the National Organic Standards Board (NOSB): â€Å"Is an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological activity. It is based on minimal use of off-farm inputs and on management practices that restore, maintain, and enhance ecological harmony.† Which is very fancily put for agriculture with as little man made input as possible trying to farm, as they perceive at least, the most beneficial to theRead MoreEssay on Organic vs. Sustainable Agriculture1357 Words   |  6 PagesOrganic vs. Sustainable Agriculture Agriculture, to many is just an industry of farmers and cows. Most people can’t even come close to fathom just how essential the continuance of agriculture is to not just our well being, but our very lives. People of the United States have been spoiled, they’ve never had to worry about the grocery stores running empty because, even to this day, there hasn’t been a problem growing enough to feed, not only the U.S. but a good part of the world too. The day thoughRead MoreThe Importance And Cons Of The Canadian Government910 Words   |  4 PagesDemocracy the government is established on cheap transcription and balanced, make sure primarily based basic leadership in individuals normally intrigue. the nice government offers long-term strength, security from dangers each residential and abroad, and a dream that extends well past four-year call cycles. To convey on these essential standards, the government. must attract with, and be receptive to, the troubles of Canadian natives. the fundamental initial introduce this procedure is to ensureRead MoreLocally Grown Food1617 Words   |  7 PagesMay 30, 2010 The consumer food movement has made terms like; fresh, natural, and organic everyday words. Now this same movement has brought a new word to the American lexicon; â€Å"Locavore.† In 2007, it was picked as the word of the year by the New Oxford American Dictionary. By definition it means someone who prefers locally grown foods to foods commercially produced. The natural and organic food movements, always conscientious of food quality and environmental impact, have transitionedRead MoreThe Idea Of Composting Interests Me1097 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Compost is organic material that can be added to soil to help plants grow. The concept of composting interests me. I like how it’s simple and has a good effect on the environment. All composting has three basic ingredients, those are browns, greens and water. Browns consists of materials like dead leaves, branches and twigs. Greens consists of materials such as grass clippings, vegetable waste, fruit scraps and coffee grounds. Having the right amount of all three of these ingredientsRead MoreOrganic Food Accounts For 5 Percent Of The Total Food Market Sale1289 Words   |  6 PagesOrganic food accounts for 5 percent of the total food market sale (â€Å"U.S. Organic Industry Survey 2015†).Although 5 percent may not seem as much, it is a start to the revolution of making planet Earth greener. The organic food market is growing and in order to help this growth generate more interest we need ideas that go beyond the regular grocery store. We need a new concept that will he lp people become more hands on the food they consume. Two TED talks, one presented by Pam Warhurst and anotherRead MoreSoil Conservation788 Words   |  4 Pagestaken for granted. Its omnipresence is ironically the reason behind us, human beings, taking it for a ride. We rarely even think of it as a natural resource that needs to be conserved, a part of the natural wealth that needs to be preserved. The concept of the conservation of soil takes into account, the strategies for preventing the soil from getting eroded and preventing it from losing its fertility due to an adverse alteration in its chemical composition. Here are some ways to conserve soil. Read MoreMovie Review : Food, Inc.1655 Words   |  7 PagesThis is a very important question, think about it, scroll through the study guides and pick out topics that relate to the film. Then, answer this: Which specific social science concepts, from this class or your readings, are helpful for understanding the film? This film relates to the course in that it involves concepts of economics as well as economic policy. Economics is the study of management and use of financial resources within and across nations. It is essentially the analysis of choice makingRead MoreThe Health Benefits of Eating Organic Foods1166 Words   |  5 Pagesentire life trying to achieve. There are basic needs that every person has: shelter, clothing, water, and food. In the past when individuals were able to provide for themselves and their families they were able to be content. In the present day however, there is an increasing concern about what type of food is best. Another question is, what type of food should one provide for their family? There are pros and cons to almost every situation. Eating organic food leads to a healthier lifestyle. More

Marketing and Management Clothing and Lifestyle Brands

Question: Discuss about the Marketing and Management for Clothing and Lifestyle Brands. Answer: Introduction Bonds clothing is popularly regarded as one of the leading clothing and lifestyle brands in Australia. The organization primarily deals with the manufacture and import of clothing material of men, women as well as kids. Among many existent fashion brands in this part of the world, Bonds can be deemed as one of the best in terms of quality of products as well as popularity. Bonds took the step from national to international recognition when it spread its wings to Jakarta, Indonesia in 2013. In this assignment, the researcher would fundamentally focus on the current market trends evaluating on factors such as growth, profitability and macro environment relating to the renowned Australian clothing organization named as Bonds. This study will also elaborate the concepts about the identification of market segments and influence of the segments in the decision making of the organization along with the discussion on various strengths and weaknesses of the organization. A brief description of industry market and evaluation of current trends. Apparel and clothing industry sales are influenced by few factors such as financial conditions, demographic trends etc. For an individual organization, the current trend in fashion may also play an essential part. The clothing industry in Australia is massive, has enough maturity and is highly fragmented as well. The current trends can be evaluated elaborately taken a few factors into consideration. These factors are discussed in this section (Mapping the textiles, clothing, leather and footwear industries cluster, 1999). Evaluation of current trends in terms of growth The market in the clothing and apparel industry has been on the rise in terms of growth. In the present retail based environment, the clothing and apparel market has been regarded as one of the leading booming industries in the world. The production driven approach of the market has changed considerably with passing time towards a more fast fashion approach and realization of consumer needs have been more prolific (Ä °Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸can, 2000). Bonds clothing brand of Australia has also grown from strength to strength over the past two decades with the change of approach of the clothing and apparel industry. From more of a conventional style, Bonds clothing has embraced a more transparent buyer-supplier relationship, efficient supply chain management which contributed to the success and growth of the organization (Kim, 2013). Evaluation of current trends in terms of profitability With the ever changing scenario of the business market, the change of approach has raised the bar for customer satisfaction. Along with the customer satisfaction, it has also brought new levels of profitability ("Current Trends in Imaging Evaluation of Chiari Malformations", 2011). Clothing and apparel industry is such a market where growth and profitability walk hand in hand. With the evolution of the former, the latter is entitled to rise as well. As per the Bonds clothing brand, the profitability, and the revenues have significantly risen over the past decade. From being an Australian brand, it has got international recognition as well in the year 2010, when the business step foot in Jakarta, Indonesia. In a nutshell, it can be safely stated that the profitability of the organization has reached a new high in the past two decades (Ayla Ä °Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸gren, 2010). Evaluation of current trends in terms of Macro-environment The macro environment can be regarded as the environmental factors which are not liable to be controlled or are deemed as uncontrollable beyond the grip or influence of the organization. Macro environment constitutes of certain elements. The fundamental factors of the macro environment are demographic, economic, political, cultural, technological, legal and global factors (Pickles, 2006). In the case of Bonds clothing brand of Australia, PESTEL analysis of those factors is elaborated in this section. Political Factors Economic Factors Society factors Technological factors The ending of import quotas favors cost reduction. Fast paced and emerging markets Growing importance of fashion in urban lifestyle Increase in promotion and distribution via different channels of technology Corruption Reduction of cost via globalization Changing consumer habits in Australia Fewer ambiguities in shopping owing to online shopping and promotion. Unexpected political violence Economic crisis Variety of products guaranteed owing to cultural diversities and choices Identification of major market segments and analysis of primary and secondary target markets. Market segmentation is regarded as a significant as well as influential factor in terms of achieving success in the modern day competitive market. In the case of Australia-based clothing brand Bonds, the market segmentation and detailed analysis of the primary and secondary target markets are discussed in this section ("IRS provides more detail on EO market segments", 2002). Bonds clothing and apparel organizations business market is segmented between the clothing products for kids, men as well as women. In the case of men and women, the organization fundamentally targets to attract the age groups belonging to 20 to 40. The organization ensures that within the perimeter of this group, the color barriers are non-existent, and the customers belong to diverse backgrounds as well (Yuasa, 2001). A modern day customer is a flexible man or woman with who can easily fit or adjust in different environments and is not hesitant to pay a hefty chunk of his or her hard earned money for genuine quality clothing. In the case of the kids and baby clothing, Bonds organization also has specialized expertise and quality products. The primary target markets that can be identified and analyzed in the case of Bonds, are the clothing of every variety such as underwear, trackers etc. of men and women ranging from the age group of 20 to 40 years. This age group is the organizations primary target as it is observed via extensive market research that online shopping is most proffered by this age group in this part of the world and Bonds make a hefty chunk of their revenue by online shopping (Dijkstra, 2015). They have their brand stores as well in various parts of Australia, and by conveying a thorough market research analysis it is observed that the sale ratio is much higher in the mentioned age group in case of both the sexes. The secondary target market of Bonds clothing organization can be regarded as the baby clothing section. Different promotional and distributional techniques are used by the organization in order to promote their baby clothing genre in the market. But due to the unquestionable and genuine quality of their products and efficient on time delivery and replacement on damage services; this particular section of the organizations business is also touching new and potentially successful benchmarks (Verde, Irpino, Balzanella, 2016). The identification of the market segmentation along with identification and analysis of the primary and secondary target markets has been possible owing to the extensive market research and conduction of numerous surveys by the Bonds clothing organization. Discussion on the influence of involvement of primary segment in terms of decision making. In terms of decision making, the primary segment of the market segmentation has a fundamental part to play, with reference to Bonds clothing brand based in Australia. The decision making in terms of organizational decisions can be regarded as a potentially future and outcome changing factor in terms of reputation and growth of the business organization. The primary segment of an organization effectively portrays its value in the market. So, the primary segment thus plays a major part in the decision-making in the organization. In Bonds clothing organization, the major decisions are taken by the administrative department considering into account the type of impact that decision can potentially make in the primary segment of the organization (Kang Choi, 2016). For instance, if the organization decides to make some changes in the distribution strategies or promotional strategies, it ensures the fact that those changes would not possibly have a negative effect on the primary section of the organization. Moreover, if some changes are required to be made in the organization, aligned with the ever changing market trends, then it is ensured by the highly authorized administrative department that those changes are made having a positive impact on the primary segment of the organization. The primary segment of the organization has a considerable level of significance in terms of decision making in the organization owing to the fact that as it represents the organization, so the reputation of the primary segment is deemed as an essential factor. Although it should also be taken into consideration that the secondary segment of the organization also constitutes a considerable part of the organization's success. But, if an administrative decision is made in the organization regarding any major changes, then the priority level of the primary segment is at a much higher level than that of the secondary segment. For instance, if Bonds clothing enterprise is conducting a market survey on the television, then the promotion of their primary segment products will be much more influential than the promotion of their secondary segment products (Flores, 2010). As the primary and the secondary segments are identified via extensive market research and analysis, it is necessary that while decision making and conducting other major promotional and distributional activities, the primary segment is given added importance and significance. In this way, it can be stated that the primary segment is essentially involved in the context of decision making in the top business enterprises such as Bonds. Description of the competitive nature in the industry and analysis of organizations place in the market by evaluation of strengths and weaknesses. Competitiveness is the most common trait of the modern era. The scenario is the same in the case of clothing and apparel industries as well. In Australia, there exists numerous clothing brands and Bonds face highly significant and competitive threats to their business (Turgut Gultekin, 2015). Apart from established clothing and apparel business enterprises, competition from various third parties is also existent this could possibly be a reason for the reduction of the organization's sales as well as an increment in the purchase cost of their raw materials. As Bonds clothing expanded to various types of clothing, it faces a breakneck competition from the other competitors who are specialized in that particular market. For instance, Bonds expanded their business to baby clothing and apparel section but faces a stiff competition from the other business enterprises that are specialized in that particular genre. In some cases, the scenario might be a bit more adverse where the competitor s adapt to the ever changing requirements and demands of the customers more quickly, and that may result in loss of a few customers and in turn, net loss in the sales ratio. It should be taken into account that, in order to get a foothold in this cut-throat competitive market, an organization has to constantly come up with new ideas and new promotional and distributional strategies otherwise the organization may face unwanted consequences (Wu, Zilberman, Babcock, 2001). It is often the case that the fundamental competitive factors in the clothing and apparel industry are basically the design of the product, brand image, consumer satisfaction, affordable price, genuine quality of the product, marketing, promotion and distribution of the products, and after sale customer service. In the case of Bonds, there exist some particular products which can be made use of season after season; the clothing and apparel industry in a general point of view can be deemed as subject to rapidly changing trends in fashion and ever-changing customer requirements. A SWOT analysis is conducted in order to determine and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of Bonds clothing based in Australia ("Composites industry gets SWOT analysis", 2001). Strengths Clarified target markets. Recognized brand value Clear business plan. All the product items are elaborately promoted and introduced to the customers. Weaknesses Customers cannot see product quality online. High price demands long distance delivery. High time consumption for long distance delivery. Opportunities Region restriction is non-existent. Expansion of market for foreign customers. Comparatively less online shopping options for the Australian customers. Threats Cut throat competition. Loss due to product backlogging. Business strategies can be easily copied. Positioning map for the marketplace In the above figure, a positional map for the marketplace is drawn, with reference to Bonds clothing and apparel business enterprise based in Australia. This positional map constitutes of factors such as price and value of the products, selection of clothing and apparel by the customer in accordance with the current existing trends in fashion and lifestyle, the convenience of the customer and the service provided by the organization (Jewell Barone, 2007). The positional map elaborates few major factors in terms of the clothing and apparel industry. One of those factors involves the fact that based on the selection of the product by the customers, the demand for that particular product would increase, and in turn, the price of that particular product is also liable to increase owing to its high demands. It is also witnessed that if discount policies are applied on any of the products, then it is more likely to be sold than the other products. For instance, a business strategy could be applied that if a product of genuinely high quality cannot be sold owing to its high price tag, then if a discount policy is applied to it, then it is more than likely to be sold. Every clothing and apparel business organization existent in todays modern marketplace applies more or less the same positional theories but, the quality of product and the service provided is often witnessed as the distinguishing factor in these business enterprises. Bonds stands among one of the leading clothing and apparel brands in Australia in terms of both online shopping and conventional shopping and thus it's positioning in the marketplace is also immaculately high, as it sets such high standards in terms of clothing and apparel products (Perera, Khatibi, Navarathna, 2015). Their success is also owing to their diverse collection of products ranging from apparels for men, women, and kids as well. Conclusion It can be easily stated from this assignment, that clothing and apparel industry will continue its significant and ever growing influence on the masses in the future. This sector can be regarded as one of the most lucrative business propositions in the whole wide world. Bonds, a clothing brand based in Australia has achieved a significant amount of growth and success over the past two decades. This huge amount of success is made possible by the extensive market research, evaluation of the ever changing trends in the market, identification of the different market segments along with the evaluation of the primary and secondary market targets and implementation of the right and apt business strategies and state of the art promotional and distributional techniques to become one of the leading clothing brands in Australia. Bonds has spread its wings in the international market as well, when it stepped in Jakarta, Indonesia in the year 2013, earning an international reputation as well alon g with national prominence in Australia. References Ayla, C. Ä °Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸gren, N. (2010). University-industry cooperation in terms of textile-apparel education.Procedia - Social And Behavioral Sciences,2(2), 3437-3441. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.530 Composites industry gets SWOT analysis. (2001).Materials Today,4(3), 21. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(01)80034-1 Current Trends in Imaging Evaluation of Chiari Malformations. (2011).Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology,34(22), 6. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.cdr.0000407626.47190.1a Dijkstra, P. (2015). Price leadership and unequal market sharing: Collusion in experimental markets.International Journal Of Industrial Organization,43, 80-97. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2015.08.003 Flores, R. (2010). Enrique Badia. Zara and her Sisters: The Story of the World's Largest Clothing Retailer.Enterprise And Society,11(2), 432-433. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/es/khq042 IRS provides more detail on EO market segments. (2002).The Nonprofit Counsel,19(5), 6-7. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/npc.3870190506 Ä °Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸can, T. (2000). The terms of trade, productivity growth and the current account.Journal Of Monetary Economics,45(3), 587-611. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3932(00)00008-8 Jewell, R. Barone, M. (2007). Norm violations and the role of marketplace comparisons in positioning brands.J. Of The Acad. Mark. Sci.,35(4), 550-559. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11747-007-0050-4 Kang, J. Choi, W. (2016). Endorsed Sustainable Products: The Role of Celebrity Ethicality and Brand Ethicality.Clothing And Textiles Research Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302x16658345 Kim, J. (2013). A Study on the Current State Analysis of the Traditional Clothing Industry.Journal Of Korean Traditional Costume,16(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.16885/jktc.2013.04.16.1.179 Mapping the textiles, clothing, leather and footwear industries cluster. (1999). Canberra. Perera, G., Khatibi, A., Navarathna, N. (2015). Relaionship between Employee-Organization Congruence (perceived) and Organizational Commitment in the Sri Lankan Apparel Sector.Asian Business Review,1(2), 132. https://dx.doi.org/10.18034/abr.v1i2.325 Pickles, J. (2006). Trade liberalization, industrial upgrading, and regionalization in the global clothing industry.Environ. Plann. A,38(12), 2201-2206. https://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3812ed Turgut, M. Gultekin, B. (2015). The Critical Role of Brand Love in Clothing Brands.Pressacademia,4(1), 126-126. https://dx.doi.org/10.17261/pressacademia.201519963 Verde, R., Irpino, A., Balzanella, A. (2016). Dimension Reduction Techniques for Distributional Symbolic Data.IEEE Trans. Cybern.,46(2), 344-355. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2015.2389653 Wu, J., Zilberman, D., Babcock, B. (2001). Environmental and Distributional Impacts of Conservation Targeting Strategies.Journal Of Environmental Economics And Management,41(3), 333-350. https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jeem.2000.1146 Yuasa, M. (2001). Globalization and Flexibility in the Textile/Apparel Industry of Japan.Asia Pacific Business Review,8(1), 80-101. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713999131.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Case Study of LIV Pte Ltd-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Questions: 1.Advise Ang and Ong on the breaches of duties by each of Boon and Fong. In your answer, you are expected to advise on the remedies available for LIV Pte Ltd. 2.Ang and Ong are worried that they would be implicated by the actions of Boon and Fong. Advise each of them on whether they would be liable for the actions of their fellow directors. In your answer, you are expected to advise each of Ang and Ong on the remedies and/or defences available to each of them. 3.In a separate meeting with Wen, Yang and Zhao, advise them on their rights and courses of actions available to them based on their concerns. Answers: 1.The Corporation codifies fiduciary duties of the director, which includes the directors and the executive directors. An officer who holds a fiduciary position is the duty of loyalty and care. The duty of loyalty for the officer to have good faith and benefit of the company in order to avoid any argument conflict between the company and the affairs. This duty requires revealing the information relating to the company to receive the position. An officer did not act in good faith and neither acted in prejudice to the company[1]. The above case is related to a listed company LIV Pte Ltd which is a startup company and it provides software and website solution in the area of Singapore and in Asia. There are four directors in the company named Ang, Boon, Fong , Ong having 0%, 50%, 25% and 10% shareholding respectively. There are two fundamental principles as regards the position of directors. First they are trustees of the company`s money and property in the sense that they must account for all the company`s money and property over which they exercise control and must refund to the company any money or property which they have improperly paid away. A example of a case where the purchase by the second respondent of the yacht,Berjaya Malaysia, was misused of the company`s funds and the moneys which he paid out or for which he had himself reimbursed from the company`s funds in respect of the donations to the Sarawak Chinese Association and SNAP were improperly paid away. The second respondent should therefore take overBerjaya Malaysiaand pay to the company all the money spent on it and pay the company the amount of the donations paid to the political parties As per the rule inFoss v Harbottle(1843) 67 ER 189 did not preclude the appellant from taking action as the acts complained of in this case constituted a fraud in the minority of the shareholders and quite apart from the question of fraud the rule is no bar to an individual shareholder making an application to the court. The above case relates to a situation where both the directors Ang and Ong received whistleblower letter from the shareholders or any authority claiming that the affairs of the company are conducted in a manner, which is corrupted and fraudulent. The crime or wrongdoing could be in the form of fraud, deceiving employees, corruptions, or any other act, which misleads people. It lays down the complete framework to investigate alleged cases of wrongdoing. The whistle blowers letter lays down and uncovered the matters where the directors has to investigate the following issues which relates to the investigation. Situation I. Boon, one of the directors has commenced an act, which relates to a case where he being the director has authorized a loan to Bean Pte Ltd, which amounted to $ 500,000 to an unrelated company, but later it was found that Boons brother owned the company. This transaction is treated as a related party transaction. As per the Corporation Act, a company cannot directly or indirectly provide loan or book debts to any person or the directors to whom the directors of the lending company are directly or indirectly related or interested. The remedies available to the company are that the company can sue the officers or directors of the company. If any of the directors of the company violates the provisions of the Act then they shall liable for severe penalty along with the company[2]. Any transaction made by the director which is not of arms length price shall be shall be treated as invalid. The director Boon in the above case authorized the loans amounting $ 500000 to another unrelated party but it was found that Bean Pte Ltd is a wholly owned company of Boon brother therefore it attracts the provision of related party transaction [3]. On the other hand, LIV Pte Ltd acquired a company, which is an advertising company and was acquired at a stake value, which is 35% above market value, and Pong held a stake of 50% in the acquisition. Therefore, it attracts the provision of related party transaction[4]. 2.Ang and Ong worried if the application and the doing of the directors Boon and Fong are not correct and then the directors will liable for penalty. If the directors are not involved and is not liable for the actions of the defaults .The directors who are severally liable and is involved in the whole issue shall be severally be given to penalty and will be punishable. If they prove they were not involved in the whole issue and they were not guilty and was not present during the default then they will not be held liable for the mistakes[5]. The defenses and the remedies, which were available to both the directors, are not available for the work and then the directors were noted about the acquisition after it was done. They were notified about the case after both the directors completed the acquisition. The defenses, which they can apply, are that they can apply to the company that they were not at all involved in the case so that the person is not having any problem[6]. 3.In the separate meeting of the, shareholders Wen, Yang and Zhao, it was discussed they had the issue that they were unhappy with the business transactionand how the whole plan is been conducted thus they applied to the company that acquisition was a matter that should be discussed with the shareholders of the company. It requires the resolution of the shareholders of the company by way of a special resolution and then the acquisition should have been made. Three of the shareholders complained that they did not call meeting for the shareholders, the acquisition was done by way of not informing them, the managing director had incurred debts, they went into bankruptcy and therefore hey worried about the conditions o the company, and then they were involved with the whole case[7]. They were worried about the prospects of the company that the company believed that they propose to remove the directors of the company for the general meeting. The shareholders have the rights to apply to the company therefore; they can apply to the company so that their rights and actions can be taken so that their concerns are resolved. The shareholders have the right to apply to the based on the actions to the court of company laws[8]. References Coffee Jr, John C., Hillary Sale, and M. Todd Henderson. "Securities regulation: Cases and materials."(2015). McQueen, Rob.A Social History of Company Law: Great Britain and the Australian Colonies 18541920.Routledge,2016. Subedi, Surya P.International investment law: reconciling policy and principle. Bloomsbury Publishing,2016. Fooks, Gary, and Anna B. Gilmore. "International trade law, plain packaging and tobacco industry political activity: the Trans-Pacific Partnership."Tobacco control23.1 (2014): e1-e1. Grant, Robert M.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons, 2016. Sornarajah, Muthucumaraswamy.The international law on foreign investment. Cambridge universitypress,2017 Coffee Jr, John C., Hillary Sale, and M. Todd Henderson. "Securities regulation: Cases and materials."(2015). Coffee Jr, John C., Hillary Sale, and M. Todd Henderson. "Securities regulation: Cases and materials."(2015). McQueen, Rob.A Social History of Company Law: Great Britain and the Australian Colonies 18541920.Routledge,2016. McQueen, Rob.A Social History of Company Law: Great Britain and the Australian Colonies 18541920.Routledge,2016. Subedi, Surya P.International investment law: reconciling policy and principle. Bloomsbury Publishing,2016. Fooks, Gary, and Anna B. Gilmore. "International trade law, plain packaging and tobacco industry political activity: the Trans-Pacific Partnership."Tobacco control23.1 (2014): e1-e1. Grant, Robert M.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons, 2016. Sornarajah, Muthucumaraswamy.The international law on foreign investment. Cambridge universitypress,2017.